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• Food security


  When all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life
• International efforts to address the need that people around the world have for reliable sources of quality food
• 3 main aspects of food security

  • Food availability
  • Food access
  • Food utilization
• Food availability


  • Having a sufficient supply of food available on a consistent basis, either locally produced or imported from other places
  • Some communities may be unable to produce their own food locally because of inappropriate agricultural technologies or practices; lack of natural resources or productive land; climate constraints; and emergency situations like natural disasters
  • Some communities may be unable to import food from other places because of issues like lack of foreign exchange, political unrest, or lack of transportation
• Food access


  • Having sufficient resources to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet
  • Even when a sufficient supply of food exists to feed everyone, food may not always be accessible to everyone because people need to have sufficient incomes and resources in order to obtain food
  • Factors that can affect a person's economic access to food include lack of job opportunities that can provide sufficient income, or lack of training or business knowledge for success with income generating activities
• Food utilization


  • Consumption of a nutritious diet
  • People make appropriate use of food, based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, and have access to water and sanitation for preparing food and maintaining proper hygiene
  • Nutrition education can be an important part of improving food utilization; making sure people are aware of the variety of foods their bodies need to maintain good health
  • Changing this may not only require nutrition education, but also increasing food availability through improved agricultural practices and resources
• Hunger


  A severe lack of food which causes suffering or death<|>A condition in which a person, for a sustained period, is unable to eat sufficient food to meet basic nutritional needs
• 3 types of hunger

  • Acute hunger
  • Chronic hunger
  • Hidden hunger
• Acute hunger


  • Also known as famine
  • Most extreme form of hunger and arises frequently in connection with crises like droughts due to El Niño, wars and disasters
  • Often affects people who are already suffering from chronic hunger
  • Applies to almost 8% of all hungry people
• Acute hunger


  • This is the price of war: A malnourished Syrian baby, who died of hunger. One-month-old Sahar has become the face of the severe food crisis facing parts of Syria.
• Chronic hunger


  • A state of long-term undernourishment
  • People suffer from chronic hunger if their daily energy intake for an extended period of time is below what they would need for a healthy and active life (The lower limit is an average of 1,800 calories per day)
  • Globally, chronic hunger is most widespread, and it usually arises in connection with poverty: Chronically hungry people do not have sufficient money for healthy nutrition, clean water or health care
• Chronic hunger

  • Sub-Saharan Africa is also a hotbed of chronic hunger due to extreme poverty. Almost 1 in every 3 people who live in Sub-Saharan Africa suffers from Chronic Hunger.
• Hidden hunger


  • A form of chronic hunger
  • Due to an unbalanced diet, important nutrients are lacking, such as iron, iodine, zinc or vitamin A
  • At first glance, the consequences are not necessarily very visible, but over the long-term these nutrient deficiencies lead to serious diseases
  • Children are unable to develop correctly, neither mentally nor physically. The risk of death is high
  • Worldwide, two billion people suffer from chronic nutrient deficiency, including in industrialized countries
  • Hidden hunger not only harms individuals, but can inhibit the overall development of an affected region, as the efficiency and health of people decreases
• Hidden hunger


  • In the US, the real picture of undernutrition are children who are obese and are malnourished because they are consuming the wrong types of foods – foods that are calorie dense, but nutritionally poor
  • If you give your baby formula, your baby is at greater risk of obesity—and that risk is related to the amount of formula he receives. The more formula, the higher the risk.
• Reasons why hunger exists

  • Wars and conflicts
  • Natural disasters
  • Poverty
  • Inequalities
  • Biased global trade
  • Poor governance
  • Waste of resources
• Wars and conflicts

  • Armed conflicts cause people to flee, leaving farmers unable to cultivate their fields
  • Roads and agricultural infrastructure such as irrigation facilities are destroyed
  • Due to the limited security, trade also suffers; food becomes scarce and expensive
• Wars and conflicts

  • Marawi siege
• Natural disasters


  • Weather extremes have always led to hunger crises. Droughts and floods destroy harvests
  • With climate change, extreme weather events are increasing. Droughts over many consecutive years weaken the resilience of the population
• Natural disasters

  • Typhoon Ompong damage: PhP. 26.7 billion
• Poverty


  • Hunger is, above all, a consequence of poverty
  • Someone who is poor has insufficient money for food but also cannot provide for his own health and cannot invest in education for children
• Poverty


  • Basurero of Smokey Mountain
• Inequalities


  • The Agenda 2030 calls on us to leave no-one behind. Nevertheless, the inequality between rich and poor is increasing, both globally and within individual countries
  • One percent of the global population possesses nearly half of the global fortune. The 'lower billion' of the poor and hungry have almost no chance to free themselves from their hardship
• Biased global trade


  • The rich states determine the rules of international policy. Unfair trade agreements and subsidies create market access and price advantages for enterprises from the industrial nations
  • Developing countries primarily export raw materials, the profits are skimmed off by rich states
• Poor governance


  • The governments in developing countries mostly do not align their policies to the needs of the poorest population
  • There is a lack of strategies to promote agriculture in their own country in such a way that no-one goes hungry
  • Corruption is one of the greatest obstacles to development, land grabbing is a big problem
• Waste of resources


  • If everyone in the world lived as the rich countries do, resources such as water and land would soon be exhausted. The consequences are borne by others: Expansion of deserts, soil erosion, water scarcity and extreme weather phenomena as a result of climate change are becoming particularly apparent in countries that already suffer from hunger and poverty
• Waste of resources


  • Most bananas in Latin America and increasingly in Africa are grown for export on large plantations. The monoculture production methods used can destroy entire ecosystems. The banana industry consumes more agrochemicals. Some of these chemicals are classified as hazardous by the World Health Organization. Agrochemical use pollutes water supplies and can have devastating impacts on worker health.