UTS_L4

• Psychology help you gain better understanding of your own behavior and give useful insight thereof said behaviors.
• It is derived from two Greek words, psyche meaning soul/mind; and logos meaning study”. Literally, psychology means the study of souls but now it is study of mind.
• Psychology focus on the individual, cognitive functions and other possible factors that affect the individual.
• SELF” is the “sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals
• Self-Identity is the belief of what the individuals thinks and feels about him. And can also be influenced by how others perceive an individual / concept of an individual about himself
• Self-development is a continuous process throughout the lifespan; one’s sense of self may change, at least somewhat, throughout one’s life.
• Self-representation has important implications for socio-emotional functioning throughout the lifespan.
• William James was one of the earliest psychologists to study the self and conceptualized the self as having 2 aspects – the “I” and the “me”.
• I is the response of an individual to the attitudes of others
• me is the organized set of attitudes of others which an individual assumes.
• me is the physical characteristics as well psychological capabilities that makes who you are.
• I is the thinking, acting, feeling self.
• I

  • Self in process, in the moment
  •  The impulsive, spontaneous, andindeterminate part of the self
  •  Non-reflective
  •  Part of the self that producesindividuality
• ME

  •  The structured and determinate part ofthe self
  •  A product of interaction and consciousreflection
  •  We know the “I” only through the “me”
• Carl Rogers - According to his theory, the “I” as the one who acts and decides while the “me” is what you think or feel about yourself as an object.
• The I Self reflects what people see or perceive themselves doing in the physical world (e.g., recognizing that one is walking, eating, writing), in other words, the one who acts and decides.
• The Me Self is a more subjective and psychological phenomenon, referring to individuals’ reflections about themselves (e.g. characterizing oneself as athletic, smart, cooperative). Therefore, it is what you think or feel about yourself.
• Self-schema – is our organized system or collection of knowledge about who we are. It may also include our interests, work, course, age, name, and physical characteristics. As you grow and adapt to the changes around you, self-schema also changes.
• UPR OR Unconditional Positive Regard refers to accepting and supporting another exactly as they are, without evaluating or judging them.
• ROLES are also part of his identity. (E.g. birth order in the family, nature of work, occupation or title, academic and social standing)
• EXPERIENCES OF THE SELF: THE EXISTENTIAL SELF and THE CATEGORICAL SELF
• THE EXISTENTIAL SELF The concept that you are unique/different from others (Persian poet RUMI pondered, “Who am I in the midst of all this thought traffic?”), Subjective (I).
• THE CATEGORICAL SELF -concept (and the concept of others) tends to focus on his or her own visible characteristics, Objective (ME).
• SELF-IMAGE (REAL SELF) – who you are at the moment (e.g. – as a student you are interested in basketball but academically challenge in most of your subjects), Self image includes: Physical description, Social Roles, Personal traits, existential statements
• IDEAL SELF - who you like to be (e.g.- to practice more and play with the varsity team) is how we want to be. It is an idealized image that we have developed over time, based on what we have learned and experienced. Could include components of what our parents have taught us, what we admire in others, what our society promotes, and what we think is in our best interest.
• OUGHT SELF( Self-Esteem/Self-worth) – who you think you should be (e.g. – to pass your subjects as a responsible student) Our group identity and self-awareness also has a great impact on our SELF-ESTEEM, one of the common concepts associated with the “self. It is defined as our own positive and negative perception or evaluation of ourselves.
• • Self-schema – is our organized system or collection of knowledge about who we are. It may also include our interests, work, course, age, name, and physical characteristics. As you grow and adapt to the changes around you, self-schema also changes.
• Self-actualization refers to the need for personal growth and development throughout one's life. It is the highest level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which was developed by psychologist Abraham Maslow. Once you are self-actualized, you've met your full potential as an individual.
• Self-Esteem and Self-Worth refers to the extent to which we like, accept, or approve of ourselves; or how much we value ourselves. Self-esteem always involves a degree of evaluation, and we may have either a positive or a negative view of ourselves
• One of the ways in which our social relationship affects our self-esteem is through social comparison. According to the Social Comparison Theory, we learn about ourselves, the appropriateness of our behaviors, as well as our social status by comparing aspects of ourselves with other people.
• Downward Social Comparison - is the more common type of comparing ourselves with others. We create a positive self-concept by comparing ourselves with those who are worse off than us. By having the advantage, we can raise our self-esteem.
• Upward Social Comparison - comparing ourselves with those who are better off than us. While it can be a form of motivation for some, a lot of those who do this actually felt lower self-esteem as they highlight more of their weakness or inequities.
• Carver and Scheier have identified 2 types of self that we can be aware of: THE PRIVATE SELF and THE PUBLIC SELF
• The Private self – your internal standards and private thoughts and feelings
• The Public self – public image commonly geared toward having a good presentation of yourself to others.
• 1. Psychoanalysis is a method through which an analyst unpacks unconscious conflicts based on the free associations, dreams and fantasies of the patient. Psychoanalysis and Sigmund Freud
• The true self is the core of you who are, the original you, unshaped by upbringing or society. This is the state you were born in and it is a state that still exists inside you.
• Your false self can also be called your adapted self. This is the parts of you that have altered behavior, repressed feelings and pushed your needs aside to fit in with others.