MODULE 2

• Respiratory system


  Two important functions: brings oxygen into our bodies, needed for cells to live and function properly; helps us get rid of carbon dioxide as a waste of cellular respiration
• Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer
• Effects of cigarette smoking

  • Lung cancer
  • Heart disease
  • Stroke
  • Lung diseases
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (emphysema and chronic bronchitis)
• Cigarettes contain harmful materials like nicotine, tar, ammonia, methane, naphthalene, phenol, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, ketones, benzene, butane, arsenic, carbon, and heavy metals such as: cadmium, lead, beryllium, cobalt, nickel
• These harmful substances cause mouth cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD), asthma, tuberculosis, fertility problem, cataract, pregnancy complication, type 2 diabetes, weak immune system, vision problems, and poor oral hygiene
• Philippines passed some laws and policies that aims to control tobacco consumption like the Sin Tax Bill, WHO FCTC, RA9711, CSC-DOH No. 2010-01
• Nicotine


  Addictive chemical in tobacco that can accelerate the heart rate, strengthen contractions and harden the arteries that leads to heart problem
• Tar


  Sticky brown chemical that stains teeth and fingernails, and deposits in the wall of the artery which narrow the arteries in different parts of the body
• Cigarette smoking can also damage sex cells and brain cells that leads to infertility and Alzheimer's disease
• Target Agent Respiratory (TAR) experiment


  Observe the effects of cigarette smoke on cotton balls and nebulizer tube
• Cigarette is very dangerous to your health
• Harmful components in cigarette

  • Tar
  • Nicotine
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Formaldehyde
  • Heavy metals (Arsenic, Nickel, Cobalt, Cadmium, Lead)
• Harmful components in cigarette

  Can cause diseases like infertility, Alzheimer's disease, lung/liver/oral cancer, cataract, emphysema, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, stroke
• We can prevent these diseases by stopping smoking
• tar


  A brown sticky substance that can narrow the arteries
• nicotine


  A colorless and odorless liquid that can harden the arteries
• carbon monoxide


  An odorless and colorless gas that makes it harder for oxygen to get to tissue
• Harmful materials found in cigarettes

  • ammonia
  • arsenic
  • lead
  • cadmium
  • beryllium
  • nickel
  • cobalt
• Components of cigarette can give diseases like infertility, Alzheimer disease, lung, liver and oral cancer, cataract (clouding of eyes), emphysema (brittleness of alveoli) and may lead to heart problems like atherosclerosis (narrowing of arteries) and high blood pressure causing stroke
• Smoking increases the risk of these diseases
• Chemicals in cigarettes can reach breast milk
• At least 250 chemicals have been found in secondhand smoke
• Chemicals found in nail polish and wood varnish are also in cigarettes
• Smoking does not increase the number of hairs
• Marginal utility


  The additional utility (satisfaction) gained from the consumption of an additional product
• If you add up marginal utility for each unit you get total utility