HB Chapter 2

• Emotion


  Refers to feelings' affective responses because of physiological arousal, thoughts, and beliefs, subjective evaluation and bodily expression. Characterized by facial expressions, gestures, postures and subjective feelings. It is associated with mood, temperament, personality and disposition.
• James-Lange Theory

  1. Emotion results from physiological states triggered by stimuli in the environment

  2. Emotion occurs after physiological reactions

  3. States that "changed situations leads to Changed bodily states"

  4. The perception of bodily changes as they occur is the emotion"
• Cannon-Bard Theory

  1. People feel emotion and then act upon them

  2. Emotion and physiological reactions occur simultaneously

  3. Emotion is the result of one's perception of their reaction, or bodily change
• Two Factor Theory


  Emotion is the cognitive interpretation of a physiological response
• Emotional Intelligence (EI)


  Cognitive ability that facilitates interpersonal behavior
• Five components of Emotional Intelligence by Goleman

  • Awareness
  • Self-regulation
  • Empathy
  • Social Skills
  • Motivation
• Conflict


  Stressful condition that occurs when a person must choose between incompatible or contradictory alternatives
• Types of Conflicts

  • Psychological Conflict (Internal Conflict)
  • Social Conflict: Interpersonal, Inter-group struggles, Individual opposing group, Intra-group conflict
  • Approach-avoidance
• Kinds of Approach-Avoidance Conflicts

  • Approach-Approach conflict
  • Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
  • Approach-Avoidance Conflict
  • Multiple Approach-Avoidance Conflict
• Functional versus Dysfunctional Conflicts

  Dysfunctional Conflict - disrupts, hinders jobs performance and upset personal psychological functioning<|>Functional Conflict - responsive and innovative aiding in creativity and viability
• Criminal behavior as an indicator of conflict within the person, emphasizing either: 1) Failure to resolve tension generated during interaction between the organism and human figures in its environment, 2) Tensions generated by a person's inability to satisfy the contradictory expectations of others, or else to mobilize the resources needed to perform a role assigned to him.
• Depression


  An illness that causes a person to feel sad and hopeless much of the time
• Causes of depression

  • Major events that create stress (death in the family)
  • Illness (heart disease, or cancer)
  • Medicines (steroids, narcotics for pain relief)
  • Alcohol or illegal drugs
• Symptoms of depression

  • Think and speak more slowly than normal
  • Have trouble in making decision, concentrating and remembering
  • Changes in eating and sleeping habit
  • Loss of interest in things they enjoyed before
  • Feeling of guild and hopelessness
  • Think a lot about suicide and death
  • Complaint problems that don't have physical cause such as headache and stomachache
• Different forms of depression

  • Major depressive disorder
  • Dysthymic Disorder (Dysthymia)
  • Psychotic Depression
  • Postpartum Depression
  • Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)
  • Bipolar Disorder
  • Endogenous Depression
  • Situational Depression or Reactive Depression
  • Agitated Depression
• How to battle Depression

  • Socializing- eating out, movies, games with family and friends
  • Helping others need- volunteer work, feeding the homeless etc.
  • Praying- works for all moods, especially depression
• People with depression might be more likely to commit a violent crime other than those without depression. People with depression were 5-6 times more likely than those in the general population to harm others or themselves. Most depressed people were not convicted of violent crimes. 4% of depresses men and 0.5%of depressed women committed violent crime after their depression diagnosis. Compared with slightly 1% of men and 0.2% of women in general population. There is considerable concern about self-harm and suicide in depression.
• Stress


  Refers to the consequence of the failure of an organism- human or animals to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats, whether actual or imagined
• Stressor

  Anything physical or psychological that produces stress (negative or positive)
• Types of Stress

  • Eustress (Positive)
  • Distress (Negative)
• Example of negative personal stressors

  • Death of spouse
  • Filing divorce
  • Losing contact with loves ones
  • Separation
  • Unemployment
  • Legal problems
  • Injury or illness
  • Hospitalization bills
• Three Stages of Stress (General Arousal {Adaptation} Syndrome)

  1. Alarm

  2. Resistance

  3. Exhaustion
• Types and Categories of Stress

  • Acute stress
  • Episodic Acute Stress
  • Chronic Stress
  • Traumatic Stress
• Types of Short-term Stress

  • Acute time-limited stress
  • Brief Naturalistic Stress
• Types of Long-Term Stress

  • Stressful event sequences
  • Chronic Stress
  • Distant Stress
• Stress can contribute to health problems such as headaches, high blood pressure, heart problems and skin condition, it may influence cognitive processes. People change their behavior when under stress.
• Frustration

  Negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from reaching a goal. Tension and heightened sympathetic activity resulting from blocked goal. It may be external or personal.
• External Frustration


  Distress
• Types of Long-Term Stress

  • Stressful event sequences
  • Chronic Stress
  • Distant Stress
• Stressful event sequences

  Single event that starts from a chain of challenging situations
• Stressful event sequences

  • Losing a job
  • Surviving natural disaster
• Chronic Stress


  Lacks a clear end point, often forces people to assume new roles or change their self-perception or life changing event
• Chronic Stress

  • Injury leading to permanent disability
• Distant Stress


  Has long lasting effects on emotional and mental health
• Distant Stress

  • Childhood sexual abuse
  • Trauma from combat experience
• Stress can contribute to health problems such as headaches, high blood pressure, heart problems and skin condition, it may influence cognitive processes
• People change their behavior when under stress
• Frustration

  Negative emotional state that occurs when one is prevented from reaching a goal
• Frustration

  • Tension and heightened sympathetic activity resulting from blocked goal
  • Can be external or personal
• External Frustration


  Distress caused by outwardly perceivable conditions that impede progress toward goals