ARTS

• The art forms we have today have undergone a significant plethora of changes and development
• We can trace back this art foundation to numerous archaeological discoveries created by ancient civilizations
• Early pre-historic art periods

  • Paleolithic (Old Stone Age)
  • Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age)
  • Neolithic (New Stone Age)
• The civilizations that came forth are even more distinctive in styles and characteristics
• Egyptian civilization


  • Brought much influence in many fields such as politics, art, science, technology, religion, writing, architecture, literature, etc.
• Ancient Greek art


  • Brought realism, humanism and naturalism into it
  • Early Greek artists created more realistic and life-like paintings and sculptures
• Early Roman art


  • Was influenced by the Greek art as shown in their paintings, murals, pottery, sculpture, architecture, bas-relief, and even politics and religion
• Byzantine art


  • Characterized by more abstract, expressive, imaginative and universal art representations that center on religious subjects as depicted on their paintings, mosaics, carved ivory and metals
• Romanesque art


  • Combined the Roman and Byzantine arts and was characterized by vigorous styles in paintings, sculpture and architecture
• Gothic art


  • Developed out of Romanesque art and is characterized by its flamboyant, rayonnant and perpendicular styles as shown in its pointed arches, elaborate and richly decorated building styles and structures
• In this module you will learn more about the different characteristics of these eras in art
• The topics are arranged based on their timeline, so will better follow and be able to analyze the transition and development of every given art period
• Western Classical Painting


  The main topic for this module
• After going through with this module, you are expected to:
• From the choices inside the word box, write the correct title of the artworks created during Ancient, Classical, and Medieval periods
• Multiple choice questions on art processes and techniques
• The Prehistoric Period roughly dates from 2.5 million years ago to 1,200 BC
• The Prehistoric Period is categorized in three archeological periods: the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age
• Our early human ancestors proved that even in the earliest times, art played a significant role in their lives and very culture
• They drew using basic stones and bone tools and their paintings used combinations of minerals, ochers, burnt bone meal, and charcoal mixed into water, as well as blood, animal fats, and tree sap
• Ancient Egyptian paintings

  • The tomb of the Pharaohs was covered in colorful representations of the one who had passed, living a happy life, with plenty to eat and drink and weather always perfect
  • The Pharaohs were even shown with all their slaves around them to serve them in the afterlife
• Fresco


  A technique of mural painting executed upon freshly-laid lime plaster, where water is used as the vehicle for the dry-powder pigment to merge with the plaster
• Tempera


  Also known as egg tempera, a method of painting with colored pigments dispersed in an emulsion miscible with water, typically egg yolk
• Encaustic


  Came from a Greek word meaning "to heat or burn-in", this method involves using natural beeswax and damar resin to which colored pigments are added
• Greek vase painting techniques

  • Black-figure technique (dark-colored figures on a light background with incised detail)
  • Red-figure technique (light-colored figures set against a dark background)
  • Kerch style (created from the red-figure technique)
• Greek tomb/wall painting


  • Used the method of frescoes, either tempera or encaustic
• Red-figure technique


  Light-colored figures are set against a dark background
• Kerch style


  Also referred to as Kerch vases, created from the red-figure technique
• Terracotta Volute Krater


  • c.450 BCE, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
• Judgment of Paris

  • Attic red-figure Pelike, Kerch Style, 360 BC
• Tomb/Wall Painting


  Uses the method of frescoes, either tempera or encaustic
• Tomb of the Diver

  • Limestone, 5th Century BCE, National Museum of Paestum
• Panel Painting


  Made on a flat panel of wood, using encaustic (wax) and tempera techniques
• Pitsa Panels or Pitsa Tablets


  • 540-530 BC, National Archeological Museum, Naples
• Romantic Period Painting


  Mostly copied from Hellenistic Greek paintings, used fresco technique in brightly colored backgrounds
• Mosaic


  An art process where an image is produced by arranging together small colored pieces of hard material such as stone, tile, or glass
• Mosaic Head of Alexander


  • 100BC, National Archeological Museum, Naples
• Byzantine Painting


  Spiritual and stirring, artists were restricted to Biblical themes and depictions of the Virgin Mary holding baby Jesus
• Romanesque Painting


  Themes are almost exclusively religious and are at the service of architecture, common location is inside churches, decorating walls
• Master of Taull, apse painting


  • San Clemente in Taull, c. 1123, Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya-MNAC, Barcelona