MODULE 2

• First Aid


  Immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured
• Objectives of First Aid

  • To alleviate suffering
  • To prevent added/further injury or danger
  • To prolong life
• Common Injuries Encountered by Officials and Athletes

  • Heat exhaustion
  • Sprain
  • Strain
  • Knee injuries
  • Fracture
  • Dislocation
• Prevention


  1. Perform warm up exercises before and cool down exercises after the activity

  2. Use proper equipment and correct techniques

  3. Use common sense to prevent injury in everyday life

  4. Watch your step
• R.I.C.E. Method

  Rest - the injured part<|>Ice - an excellent anti-inflammatory and reduces swelling and pain<|>Compression - also reduces swelling<|>Elevation - it drains fluids from injured tissues
• Home Treatment for Sprains and Strains

  1. Apply the R.I.C.E. method

  2. Do not apply heat during the first two days

  3. Use paracetamol for the first day of the injury

  4. Apply arnica oil to reduce swelling

  5. Remove rings immediately

  6. After 48 hours, start moving the limb gently
• Home Treatment for Fractures/Dislocations

  1. Apply the R.I.C.E. method

  2. Keep the limb in the position you found it and place soft padding around the broken bones

  3. Splint the injury with something rigid

  4. If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean gauze pad

  5. Do not try to push the bone back into the wound and do not attempt to clean it

  6. Get medical attention immediately
• Fractures of the femur and pelvis may cause severe internal bleeding
• Do not give the person anything to eat or drink in case surgery is needed
• If injuries happen at any time, at any place, to anyone

  We should prevent them
• If injuries happen at any time, at any place, to anyone

  We should give first aid
• Roles of a first aider during an emergency situation

  To alleviate suffering<|>To prevent added/further injury or danger<|>To prolong life
• Fracture


  A broken bone
• Player A


  • Very relaxed in controlling the legs of his teammate experiencing cramps during their Basketball game
• First Aid is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or injured
• Objectives of First Aid

  To alleviate suffering, to prevent further injury and to prolong life
• Heat exhaustion


  A response to heat characterized by fatigue, weakness and collapse due to inadequate intake of water to compensate for loss of fluids during sweating
• Sprain


  A twist, pull or tear of a ligament caused by trauma such as a fall or blow of the body that knocks a joint out position
• Strain


  A stretch or tear of a muscle or tendon
• Fracture


  A break in the bone that can occur from either a quick, one time injury to the bone
• Dislocation


  When two bones come together to form a joint become separated
• R.I.C.E. Method

  1. Rest - the injured part

  2. Ice - an excellent anti-inflammatory and reduces swelling and pain

  3. Compression - also reduces swelling. Use elastic bandages for at least 2 days

  4. Elevation - it drains fluids from injured tissues