MODULE 6

• Power station


  Also referred to as a power plant where electrical energy is generated by a huge generator
• Transmission station

  Uses a large transformer to "step up" voltage from the power plant
• Transmission tower


  A rigid structure used to support and route power in the transmission line
• Transmission line


  A long conductor especially designed to carry a huge amount of power at very high voltage to the substation
• Distribution substation


  Uses a smaller transformer to "step down" high voltage so it can be sent through distribution poles
• Distribution pole


  An area where a small transformer is mounted to further reduces the voltage to 110-220 volts
• Consumer


  Distributes power through wires in the walls and through a meter that measures the amount of electrical energy used
• Electricity is a type of energy that came from electrical energy
• Electrical energy is one of the types of energy that is caused by moving electric charges
• Primary sources of electrical energy

  • Energy from the sun
  • Wind
  • Water
  • Fuel
  • Nuclear
  • Geothermal
  • Biomass
• Renewable sources


  Constantly replenished like wind, water, sun, and geothermal
• Non-renewable sources


  Available in limited amounts and take a long time to replenish like coal, oil, fuel, and nuclear
• Turbine


  A paddlewheel fitted with blades used to revolve by a fast-moving flow of water, steam, gas, air, or other fluid that convert kinetic energy into rotational motion thus producing mechanical energy
• Generator

  Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
• Thermal power plants


  Operate by heating water in a boiler unit producing steam like burning coal, oil, natural gas, and solid waste biomass
• Kinetic power plants


  Rotate turbines by using wind or falling water like hydroelectric power plants and windmills
• Transmission lines


  Move electricity at the power plants to substations which are regulated by the National Power Corporation
• Step-up transformer


  Increases the voltage from the generating station to a range of 138,000 – 765,000 volts
• Step-down transformer

  Reduces the transmitted voltage to 34,500 – 138,000 volts
• Electricity production is carried by both the government through the National Power Corporation (NAPOCOR) and independent power producers (IPPs)
• Manila Electric Company (MERALCO) is in charge of electrical energy distribution in Metro Manila
• The electric distribution substations step down the voltage to 2,400 – 19, 920 volts
• A lay down transformer further reduces the voltage to 220 V – the standard AC voltage in the Philippines
• Electricity transmission

  1. Generators

  2. Step-up power transformer in transmission substation

  3. High voltage transmission lines

  4. Bulk power or delivery point substation

  5. Power transformer lowers voltage to sub-transmission level

  6. Distribution substation

  7. Distribution lines to consumers
• Step-up transformer


  Increases the voltage of electricity
• Step-down transformer


  Decreases the voltage of electricity
• Electricity generation


  1. Power station burns fossil fuels

  2. Heat boils water

  3. Steam turbine drives electric generator
• Household electricity


  Control panel distributes power through wires<|>Meter measures electrical energy used
• Household voltage is 220V
• Electricity is used for running computers, appliances, home heating, transportation, and by industries, households, and businesses
• Sources of electrical energy

  • Coal
  • Wind
  • Water
  • Geothermal
• Coal, oil, natural gas, and solid waste biomass are examples of nonrenewable sources of energy
• Transmission station uses a large transformer to "step up" voltage from the power plant
• Power plant


  Facility where electricity is generated from energy sources