Music

• Music


  The artful arrangement of sounds; the most common and conventional definition of music
• The definition of music may vary depending on the cultural setting
• Mousike


  The original Greek word for music, meaning "the art of the muse"
• Sound


  • Anything that can be heard or audible
  • Vibration that travels through the air and water or other medium that can be perceived by the human ear
• We don't have much knowledge of the origin of music, but ancient people may have created audible sounds that entertained them or used for rituals and ceremonies
• Pythagoras argued the existence of the "music of the sphere"

  6th century B.C.
• The musical scale of ancient China was derived through arithmetic from a basic note
• The Indian regarded their music or "ragas" to have magical or curative powers
• Sound


  Can be arranged in a harmonious and beautiful manner to please the listener
• Rhythm


  • The overall movement or swing, considered the most essential element of music
  • Includes meter, which is the measure of rhythmic unit
  • Tempo refers to the movement of music, whether fast or slow
• Melody


  • The succession of musical sounds or tones in an orderly manner
  • A tone is a sound in music which designates the pitch and depends on the vibration rate per second
• Dynamics


  • The force or percussive effects; degree of loudness and softness
  • Forte means loud, mezzo-forte very loud, piano-soft and pianissimo-very soft
• Harmony


  • The simultaneous sounding of two or more tones
  • Achieved before the 17th century by having two or more melodies sung or played against each other
• Texture


  • The numbers of tones one is expected to apprehend simultaneously
• Tone Color


  • The result of the difference in timbre or quality of tone in a variety of voices and instruments
• Style


  • The composer's or singer's way of doing their part
  • Each composer has personal idioms which make their work different
  • The style of the period in which the composer lives is reflected
• Types of music


  • Alternative music
  • Anime
  • Blues
  • Children's music
  • Classical music
  • Commercial music
  • Country music
  • Electronic music
  • Hip-hop/rap
  • Holiday music
  • Indie pop
  • Christian and gospel music
  • Jazz music
  • Latin jazz
  • Rock music
  • New age music
  • Instrumental
• Percussion instruments


  • Membranophones (produce sound through vibration of a stretched skin or membrane)
  • Idiophones (produce sound through natural resonance when struck, rubbed, plucked or shaken)
• Percussion instruments


  • Drums
  • Bells
  • Xylophones
  • Gongs
  • Piano
• Wind instruments


  • Produce sound in several ways: performer's lips produce vibration, vibration produced by a column of air split across a sharp edge, or vibration produced by one or two reeds
• String/chordophone instruments


  • Zither
  • Dulcimer
  • Koto
  • Lute
  • Lyre
  • Harp
  • Guitar
• Electronic instruments


  Any means of generating, modifying or amplifying musical sounds electronically
• The orchestra replaced the usually modest instrumental groups of the past
• Lyre


  • Strings attached to a yoke or crossbar
  • Strings run to the body, across the belly or soundboard, over a bridge, and to a stringholder at the lower end of the belly
• Harp


  • Strings sounded by plucking
  • Strings run perpendicular to the sound box
• Guitar


  • String instrument, usually plucked and played with fingers or a pick
• Electronic instrument


  Any means of generating, modifying, or amplifying musical sounds electronically
• Any instrument played through an amplifier becomes an electronic instrument
• The term 'electronic instrument' most often refers to instruments that generate sound electronically
• Orchestra


  • Dominated by the string section (violins, violas, cellos, and bass)
  • Played most of the melodic material
• Violin


  Bowed stringed instrument, the highest pitched member of the violin family
• Viola


  Alto member of the violin family, tuned a fifth lower than the violin
• Cello


  Large, low-pitched musical instrument of the violin family, held between the performer's knees
• Double Bass


  Largest and lowest-pitched member of the violin family, usually about 1.8 m (about 6 ft) high and has four strings
• Woodwind section


  • Two oboes
  • Two bassoons
  • Two clarinets
• Brass section


  • Two trumpets
  • Two horns
• Percussion section


  • Two timpani
• Horn


  Wind instrument that usually have a conical opening or derive from an animal horn or tusk, sounded by the vibration of the player's lips against a mouthpiece
• Timpani


  European orchestral kettle drums with a single head, or membrane, of skin stretched over a cauldron-shaped frame, derived from the medieval European nakers
• Rondalla


  Native string ensemble of the Philippines, consisting of plectrum instruments such as the bandurria, laud, octavina, mandola, guitarra, and bajo de uñas