lq2

• Plant Body Systems


  • Shoot System
  • Root System
• Shoot System


  Includes stem, leaves, and flowers. Responsible for photosynthesis, reproduction, and storage.
• Root System


  Anchors the plant and absorbs water and nutrients from the soil.
• Plant Organs


  • Root
  • Stem
  • Leaf
  • Flower
  • Fruit
  • Seed
• Root


  Anchors the plant and absorbs water and nutrients.
• Stem


  Supports the plant and transports nutrients and water.
• Leaf


  Main site for photosynthesis.
• Flower


  Reproductive structure.
• Fruit


  Protects seeds and aids in their dispersal.
• Seed


  Contains the embryo for new plants.
• Tissue Types


  • Dermal Tissue
  • Ground Tissue
  • Vascular Tissue
  • Periderm
• Dermal Tissue


  Outer protective layer.
• Ground Tissue


  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
• Parenchyma


  Thin-walled, alive at maturity, functions in photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.
• Collenchyma


  Unevenly thickened walls, alive at maturity, provides support in primary growth.
• Sclerenchyma


  Evenly thickened walls, dead at maturity, provides strength and support.
• Vascular Tissue


  • Xylem
  • Phloem
• Xylem


  Conducts water and minerals from roots to leaves. Includes tracheids and vessel elements.
• Phloem


  Conducts food (sugars, amino acids) throughout the plant. Includes sieve-tube elements and companion cells.
• Periderm


  Protective covering that replaces the epidermis in woody plants.
• Tissue Complexity


  • Simple Tissues
  • Complex Tissues
• Simple Tissues


  • Parenchyma
  • Collenchyma
  • Sclerenchyma
• Complex Tissues


  • Xylem
  • Phloem
  • Periderm
• Main Functions of Roots

  • Anchorage
  • Absorption
  • Conduction
  • Storage
• Root Systems


  • Taproot System
  • Fibrous Root System
• Taproot System


  Main root with smaller lateral roots; strong anchorage, typical in dicots.
• Fibrous Root System


  Several adventitious roots of similar size; shallow and spread horizontally, typical in monocots.
• Root Structures


  • Root Cap
  • Root Hairs
• Root Cap


  Protects the root tip, involved in gravity perception, secretes mucilage for soil movement.
• Root Hairs


  Increase surface area for absorption.
• Primary Eudicot Roots


  • Epidermis
  • Cortex
  • Endodermis
  • Pericycle
  • Vascular Tissues
• Epidermis


  Outer protective covering.
• Cortex


  Ground tissue, often stores starch.
• Endodermis


  Innermost layer of cortex, controls substance entry to xylem.
• Pericycle


  Gives rise to lateral roots.
• Vascular Tissues


  • Xylem
  • Phloem
• Modified Roots


  • Prop Roots
  • Pneumatophores
  • Buttress Roots
  • Symbiotic Roots
• Prop Roots


  Provide additional support.
• Pneumatophores


  Facilitate gas exchange in swampy habitats.
• Buttress Roots


  Provide stability in shallow soils.