food pyramid

• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RENI)


  Nutrient intake levels sufficient to meet the needs of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group
• RENI


  • Used to assess and plan dietary intakes to measure nutritional adequacy
• Dietary Standards


  Guidelines designed to meet the needs of majority of healthy persons
• Types of Dietary Standards

  • Dietary Guidelines
  • Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)
  • Nutrient Intake Recommendations
• Dietary Guidelines


  Practical advice on how to achieve a healthy, balanced diet, to guide food choices and dietary patterns for the general population
• Dietary Guidelines


  • WHO, Dietary Guidelines in America
• Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)


  A set of nutrient reference values used to plan and assess nutrient intakes for healthy people
• Types of DRIs

  • Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)
  • Adequate Intake (AI)
  • Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)
  • Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
• Nutrient Intake Recommendations


  Specific recommendations for daily intake of various nutrients (vitamins, fats, carbs) to ensure nutritional adequacy and health
• Food Pyramid


  Hierarchical structure with different levels indicating various food groups
• Food Pyramid Levels


  • Grains
  • Fruits and Vegetables
  • Dairy and Protein
  • Fats, oils, and sweets
• Grains


  • Bread, rice, cereal, pasta, 6-11 servings/day, emphasizes importance of carbohydrates
• Fruits and Vegetables


  • Fruits: 2-4 servings/day, Vegetables: 3-5 servings/day, provides vitamins, minerals, and fiber
• Dairy and Protein


  • Dairy: 2-3 servings/day, Protein: 2-3 servings/day, sources of calcium, protein, and essential nutrients
• Fats, oils, and sweets


  • To be used sparingly, high calorie and low nutrient density
• 5 Major Food Groups


  • Grains
  • Vegetables
  • Fruits
  • Milk and Alternatives
  • Meat, Fish, Egg and Alternatives
  • Fat/Oil, Salt and Sugar
• Recommended Servings per Day

  • Grains: 6-11
  • Vegetables: 3-5
  • Fruits: 2-4
  • Milk and Alternatives: 2-3
  • Meat, Fish, Egg and Alternatives: 2-3
• Dietary Requirements


  Minimum amounts needed for essential nutrients to attain good health under specific age, sex, weight, physical activity, physiological conditions, state of health, etc.
• Types of Dietary Requirements

  • Macronutrients (Carbohydrates, proteins, fats)
  • Micronutrients (Vitamins, minerals)
• 10 Nutritional Guidelines for Filipinos


  • Eat a variety of foods everyday
  • Breast-feed infants exclusively from birth to 6 months, and then give appropriate foods while continuing breast-feeding
  • Maintain children's normal growth through proper diet and monitor their growth regularly
  • Consume fish, lean meat, poultry or dried beans
  • Eat more vegetables, fruits and root crops
  • Eat foods cooked in edible or cooking oil daily
  • Consume milk, milk products, or other calcium-rich foods such as small fish and dark green leafy vegetables
  • Use iodized salt, but avoid excessive intake of salty foods
  • Eat clean and safe foods
  • For a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition, exercise regularly, do not smoke, and avoid drinking alcoholic drinks
• Food Exchange List


  A diet planning tool that organizes food by nutrient and energy content, provides additional help in achieving calories and moderation
• Food Labeling


  Best way for consumers to see how an individual's food fit their nutritional needs, gives information about the product's content, ingredients, and nutritional value
• Components of Food Labeling

  • Nutrient Declaration
  • Nutrition Claim
• Nutrient Declaration


  Standardized statement or listing the nutrient content of food
• Nutrition Claim


  Represents which states or implies that a food has some particular nutritional proponents