Introduction to Botany

• Botany


  is the science of plant life and the origin, diversity, structure, and internal processes of the plants
• Botany is the relationship of plants with other organisms and with the nonliving physical environment.
• Phytomorphology


  plant morphology that studies the physical form and external structure of plants
• Phytomorphology is useful in the visual identification of plants and is also the study of the development, form, and structure of plants.
• Phytotomy 


  plant anatomy
• Phytotomy is the study of the internal structure of plants, mostly at a cellular level, and the sectioning of tissues and microscopy.
• Plant Cytology


  plant cell biology
• Plant Cytology is the study of plant cells and their physiological properties, structure, organelles, interaction with their environment, life cycle, division, and death.
• Plant Histology


  is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants
• Plant Histology is commonly performed by examining cells and tissues by sectioning and staining, then is examined under a light microscope or electron microscope.
• Carpology


  is the study of the structure of fruits and seeds
• Palynology


  is the study of spores and pollen, both living and fossilized
• Plant Physiology


  this is concerned with the functioning or physiology of plants
• Give at least five fundamental processes of plant physiology.

  Photosynthesis

  Respiration

  Plant nutrition

  Plant hormone functions

  Tropisms

  Nastic movements

  Photoperiodism

  Photomorphogenesis

  Circadian rhythms

  Environmental stress physiology

  Seed germination

  Dormancy and stomata function

  Transcription
• oikos and logos


  the two Greek words that Plant Ecology came from
• house


  the English translation of oikos
• subject of

  the English translation of logos
• Plant Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and their environment.
• Plant Ecology is also the interaction that organisms have with each other and with their abiotic environment.
• Plant Genetics is the study of heredity and variation in higher plants.
• Plant Pathology


  the study of disease in plants
• Plant Pathology is the study of the theory and general concepts of the nature and cause of disease. This may also be concerned with plants' disease control strategies.
• Paleobotany


  this deals with fossilized plants
• Paleobotany is the study and classification of plants of the geological past and their relationship with each other and with extant plants.
• Pytochemistry is the study of the chemistry of plants, plant products, and processes taking place within plants.
• Phytogenesis is concerned with the origin and evolution of plants.
• Phytogeography


  plant geography
• Phytogeography is the study of the geographic distribution of plants.
• Phytography is concerned with the detailed description of plants.
• Phytosociology deals with the characteristics, classification, relationships, and distribution of plant communities.
• Agronomy is scientific agriculture and is the application of various soil and plant sciences to soil management and crop production.
• Economic Botany is the commercial exploitation of plants by people.
• Ethnobotany is the plant lore and agricultural customs of people which deals with the study of such lore and customs.
• Forestry is the science, art, and craft of creating, managing, using, conserving, and repairing forests.
• Horticulture is the science or art of cultivating flowers, fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants.
• Plant Taxonomy


  plant systematics
• Plant Taxonomy is the science that finds, identifies, describes, classifies, and name plants.
• Give at least five plant taxonomy.

  Bacteriology

  Mycology (fungi)

  Algology or Phycology (algae)

  Lichenology

  Bryology or Muscology (mosses, liverworts, and hornworts)

  Filicology or Pteridology (ferns)

  Dendrology or Xylology (trees and other woody plants)

  Agrostology or Graminology (grasses)

  Batology (brambles: blackberry, raspberry)

  Pomology (study and cultivation of fruit)

  Ampelography (grapes)

  Orchidology
• fungi

  its classification is under Mycology
• algae


  Algology or Phycology is the classification of this