B6

• Cells have unique proteins called antigens on surface
• Vaccines consist of small amount of dead or inactive pathogens which the immune system can build anti bodies against so it can fight the real thing easier
• If the majority of the population is immune , the spread of the disease is minimal. This is known as herd immunity
• Antibiotics can only kill bacterial diseases , not virus as virus reproduce inside of cells
• Antibiotics kill the bacterial cells without damaging your own cells
• strains of bacteria can mutate against antibiotics
• Digatilis and Digoxin is from Foxglove
• A good medicine is : Effective

  Safe

  Stable

  Successfully take into and removed from body
• Preclinical testing - Testing on tissues, cells and animals

  Clinical Testing - Testing on Humans
• Double blind trial - A clinical trial in which neither the patient or doctors know who has the placebos medicine
• When publishing results of trial they get peer reviewed by other scientists to make sure there are no false claims
• Making of monoclonal antibodies

  
• Pregnancy test - Rely on monoclonal antibodies to detect HCG that is made in early stages of pregnancy
• Uses of monoclonal antibodies: Pregnancy test

  Research

  Treating disease

  Diagnoses of disease

  Measuring and monitoring in hospitals
• Monoclonal antibodies have an advantage of not damaging healthy cells but have a lot of bad side effects