Biology

• Herbivore


  Eats plants
• Carnivore


  Eats meat
• Omnivore


  Eats meat and plants
• Heterotroph


  Consumes organic matter
• Autotroph


  Makes their own food from inorganic substances
• Plants are generally autotrophs
• Plants make organic substances (such as glucose) from inorganic substances (such as carbon dioxide)
• Plants use light as their source of energy to make their own food
• Plants are also known as producers
• Carnivorous plants can also digest insects to obtain nitrogen
• Some protists, bacteria and Archaea are autotrophs
• Some organisms can be both autotrophs and heterotrophs
• Photoautotroph


  Autotroph that uses light as their energy source
• Chemoautotroph


  Autotroph that uses chemical energy as their energy source
• Chemoheterotroph


  Heterotroph that uses organic compounds as their energy source
• Photoheterotroph


  Heterotroph that uses light as their energy source
• Chemoheterotrophs, like humans, have to consume organic matter and use organic compounds as their energy source
• Organisms will do cellular respiration to further break down their food to generate ATP, regardless of whether they are autotrophs or heterotrophs
• Producers


  Organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis.
• Photosynthesis


  The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
• Chloroplasts


  Specialized organelles within plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.
• Chlorophyll


  The pigment found in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy from the sun.
• Glucose


  The primary energy source for plants, produced through photosynthesis.
• Classification


  The process of putting things into groups
• Ways to classify things

  • By shape
  • By color
  • By size
  • By whether they have a solid color or not
• Anything can be put into a group for classification
• Classification is especially useful for studying living things as it makes it easier to study similar things and look at their similarities
• Most classification is done on physical features
• Levels of classification


  You might start with one feature and then add more as you go
• The five kingdoms of living things

  • Manera
  • Protista
  • Fungi
  • Plantae (plants)
  • Animalia (animals)
• Manera


  • Single-celled organisms
  • Chromosomes not organised into a nucleus
• Protista


  • Unicellular organisms
  • Chromosomes found in a nucleus
  • Some can produce food, others absorb and digest food
  • Can move using cytoplasm flow, cilia or flagella
• Fungi

  • Do not contain cells, contain thread-like hyphae
  • Genetic material not in a nucleus
  • Cannot produce their own food, consume dead organic matter
  • Reproduce using spores
• Plants


  • Mostly multicellular
  • Cells contain cellulose
  • Contain chloroplasts to produce food by photosynthesis
• Animals


  • Generally multicellular
  • Cells do not contain cell walls or chloroplasts
  • Obtain energy by digesting other organisms
• Scientists need to use the same classification system for it to work
• Linnaeus' classification system

  Puts organisms into kingdoms, then phyla, classes, orders, families, genera and species<|>Each level is more closely related than the last
• Binomial naming system


  Each species has two names - genus and species<|>Genus name capitalised, species name lowercase<|>Names in Latin, written in italics or underlined
• Examples of binomial names

  • Homo sapiens (human)
  • Homo neanderthalensis (Neanderthal)
• MRS GREN


  Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition