Nursing Stuff

• Human body


  • Single structure
  • Made up of billions of smaller structures
  • Major kinds are tissues, organs, organ systems
• Organ


  An organization of several different kinds of tissues so arranged that together they can perform a special function
• Organ system


  An organization of varying numbers and kinds of organs so arranged together they can perform complex functions for the body
• Ten major body systems

  • Muscular
  • Nervous
  • Cardiovascular
  • Endocrine
  • Urinary
  • Lymphatic
  • Respiratory
  • Digestive
  • Reproductive
• Body functions


  Physiological or psychological functions of body systems<|>Survival depends on maintaining or restoring homeostasis, a state of relative constancy, of the internal environment
• Human life processes


  • Metabolism
  • Responsiveness
  • Movement
  • Reproduction
  • Growth
  • Differentiation
  • Respiration
  • Digestion
  • Excretion
• Life depends on certain physical factors from the environment, which include water, oxygen, nutrients, heat, and pressure
• Directional terms


  • Superior (cranial)
  • Inferior (caudal)
  • Anterior (ventral)
  • Posterior (dorsal)
• Planes of the body

  • Coronal (frontal)
  • Sagittal (lateral)
  • Axial (transverse)
  • Median
• Body cavities


  • Thoracic
  • Dorsal
• Medial


  Toward the midline of the body
• Lateral


  Toward the side of the body
• Proximal


  Nearer to the point of attachment or origin
• Distal


  Further from the point of attachment or origin
• Stimulus


  Any external or internal occurrence that triggers a response or reaction from an organism
• Fascia


  A thin casing of connective tissue that surrounds every organ, blood vessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place
• Hematoma


  A localized bleeding outside of blood vessels, due to either disease or trauma including surgery or injury
• Myocardial infarction occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart muscle is blocked.
• The most common cause of death from heart disease is myocardial infarction (MI).
• Atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, can lead to coronary artery disease.
• The blockage can be caused by a buildup of fatty deposits on the walls of the coronary arteries (atherosclerosis) or by a blood clot (thrombus).
• When this happens, the affected area of heart muscle begins to die because it does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood.
• An MI can be caused by a blockage in one of the coronary arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle.
• Symptoms include chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea/vomiting, lightheadedness, and anxiety.
• If the blockage isn't treated quickly, it can lead to permanent damage to the heart muscle.
• Symptoms of an MI include chest pain, shortness of breath, sweating, nausea/vomiting, and feeling lightheaded or dizzy.
• Coronary artery disease is caused by plaque buildup inside the walls of your coronary arteries.