T2 Maternal and Fetal Nutrition

• What are common dietary sources of folate?

  Leafy greens, legumes, citrus fruits, eggs, corn, some meat, and fortified grains.
• When during pregnancy does there need to be a greater need for nutrients?

  2nd and 3rd trimesters.
• What are the energy needs for the 2nd trimester?

  Increased by 340 calories per day.
• What are the energy needs for the 3rd trimester?

  Increased by 452 calories per day.
• For a normal pregnancy, a gain of how much in the trimesters are normal?

  2 - 4 pounds in the first trimester and about 1 pound per week in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters.
• What kinds of fish should women eat during pregnancy?

  Low-mercury fish.
• How much fish maximum should women eat during pregnancy?

  12 oz.
• What is another important component that needs to be consumed for fetal brain development aside from folate?

  DHA.
• How much should carbohydrates make up for a pregnant woman's diet?

  45 - 64% of daily caloric intake.
• What sources of carbohydrates can help prevent or alleviate constipation?

  Whole fruits and whole food grains.
• What vitamin in excessive amounts is a known teratogen?

  Vitamin A.
• What vitamins carry a higher risk of being teratogens?

  Fat soluble vitamins.
• How much caffeine can a mother have during pregnancy?

  Less than 200 mg a day.
• What deficiencies are usually present with gluten free diets?

  Folate, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin, and iron.
• What can make vegetarian diets unhealthy if done improperly during pregnancy?

  Plant proteins are incomplete.