Chapter 1 - Shoulder Girdle 1

• Anatomical position


  The standard reference position used to describe the location of body parts
• Regional parts of the body

  • Head and neck
  • Trunk
  • Lower limb
  • Upper limb
• Comparative terms


  • Anterior, posterior (ventral, dorsal)
  • Superior, inferior
  • Lateral, medial
  • Distal, proximal
  • Deep and superficial
• Planes of the body

  • Sagital
  • Coronal
  • Transverse

  
• Structures and tissues in limbs

  • Bones
  • Muscles
  • Joints
  • Blood vessels
  • Nerves
  • Connective tissues

  
• Fascia


  Connective tissue that forms layers and sheaths around muscles and other structures
• Parts of the upper limb

  • Shoulder girdle
  • Arm
  • Forearm
  • Hand (palm, digits)
  • Elbow
  • Wrist
• Bones of the upper limb

  • Scapula
  • Clavicle
  • Humerus
  • Radius
  • Ulna
  • Carpal bones
  • Metacarpals
  • Phalanges
• Pectoral (shoulder) girdle


  Two structures that attach the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton

  
• Clavicle


  One of the bones that makes up the pectoral girdle
• Clavicle joints and ligaments

  • Sternoclavicular joint
  • Acromioclavicular joint
  • Coracoclavicular ligament
  • Costoclavicular ligament
• Fractured clavicle


  The most frequently broken bone in the body, usually treated with a sling
• Scapula


  One of the bones that makes up the pectoral girdle
• Parts of the scapula

  • Supraspinous fossa
  • Infraspinous fossa
  • Glenoid cavity
• Glenohumeral joint


  A ball and socket joint formed by the articulation between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula
• Acromioclavicular joint


  A joint located between the acromion of the scapula and the clavicle, stabilized by ligaments
• Sternoclavicular joint


  A joint between the proximal end of the clavicle and the clavicular notch of the sternum, stabilized by a cartilaginous disc
• Interclavicular ligament


  A ligament that links the ends of the two clavicles to each other and to the superior surface of the sternum manubrium
• Muscles that move the shoulder girdle

  • Subclavius
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Serratus anterior
  • Trapezius
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboid major
  • Rhomboid minor
• Subclavius muscle


  Depresses and moves the clavicle anteriorly, helping to stabilize the shoulder girdle
• Pectoralis minor muscle


  Abducts the scapula and rotates it downward, assists in forced inhalation
• Serratus anterior muscle


  Abducts the scapula and rotates it upward, elevates the ribs when the scapula is stabilized
• Trapezius muscle


  Elevates the scapula, can help extend the head, adducts the scapula, rotates the scapula upward, and stabilizes the scapula
• Levator scapulae muscle


  Elevates the scapula and rotates it downward
• Rhomboid major and minor muscles

  Elevate and adduct the scapula, rotating it downward, and stabilize the scapula
• Movements of the scapula

  • Elevation
  • Depression
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Upward rotation
  • Downward rotation
• The main action of the muscles that move the shoulder girdle is to stabilize the scapula so it can function as a steady origin for most of the muscles that move the humerus
• Scapular movement usually accompanies humeral movements in the same direction
• The muscles also move the scapula to increase the range of motion of the humerus
• It is not possible to abduct the humerus past the horizontal without the scapula rotating upward
• Costoclavicular Ligament


  Connects the clavicle to the ribs providing stability to the thoracic cavity
• Coracoclavicular Ligament


  Connects the clavicle to the coracoid process forming the AC joint
• Sternoclavicular Joint


  Connects the clavicle to the sternum at the base of the neck
• Acromioclavicular Joint


  Connects the clavicle to the acromion at the top of the shoulder
• Interclavicular Ligament


  A ligament that links the ends of the two clavicles to each other and to the superior surface of the sternum manubrium.
• Sternoclavicular Ligament


  Connects the clavicle to the sternum manubrium.
• Costoclavicular Ligament


  Connects the clavicle to the ribs (costae).
• Acromioclavicular Ligament


  Connects the acromion to the clavicle.