Biology S1

• Label 1?

  body tube

  
• Label 3?

  High and low power objective lenses

  
• Label 5?

  stage

  
• Label 7?

  mirror

  
• Label 8?

  eyepiece lense

  
• Label 9?

  handle

  
• Label 10?

  Rough focus knob

  
• Label 11?

  fine focus knob

  
• Name 3 things a plant cell has that an animal cell doesn’t?

  1. cell wall
  2. vacuole
  3. chloroplasts
• What does a nucleus do?

  The nucleus controls what the cell does.
• What is the cytoplasm?

  This is a jelly-like stuff where most chemical reactions happen.
• What is the cell membrane?

  This is a thin skin around the cell- it holds the cell together and also controls what goes in and out.
• What is the mitochondria?

  These are tiny structures inside the cell where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place. Respiration releases energy for the cell.
• What is a cell wall?

  A rigid outer coating made of cellulose- it gives support to the cell.
• What is a vacuole?

  This is filled with cell sap- a weak solution of sugar and salts
• what is chloroplasts?

  these contain chlorophyll used for photosynthesis. Photosynthesis makes food for the plant.
• What are organisms made of only one cell called?

  unicellular organisms
• What adaptions has Euglena made to help them survive in water?

  They have a tail-like structure called a flagellum to help them swim
• What adaption has Amoeba made to help them survive in water?

  They use a contractile vacuole to collect any excess water inside them and squeeze it out at the cell membrane.
• A group of similar cells come together to make a tissue
• a group of different tissues work together to make an organ
• a group of organs work together to make an organ system
• A multicellular organism is usually made up of several organ systems
• What is the process called when stuff moves into and out of cells?

  diffusion
• What is diffusion?

  Diffusion is where a substance moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
• What is the process of releasing energy from glucose?

  respiration
• What are 3 examples of respiration?

  building proteins, keeping warm, muscle contraction
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Aerobic respiration is respiration using oxygen
• Where does aerobic respiration take place?

  it takes place in the mitochondria of animal and plant cells
• glucose + water -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen. It usually only happens when cells can’t get enough oxygen.
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

  Glucose → Lactic acid + energy
• What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in microorganisms such as yeast?

  Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + Energy
• What happens when anaerobic respiration produces ethanol (alcohol)?

  Fermentation
• What is the process called which makes beer?

  Fermentation