Active Transport

• Active transport requires energy, usually from hydrolysis of ATP by ATPases.
• The sodium-potassium pump is an active transport process that uses ATP to move Na+ out of the cell and K+ into the cell.
• ATPase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of ATP into ADP and phosphate (Pi).
• Endocytosis is the uptake of extracellular fluid and solutes into cells via vesicles formed at the plasma membrane.
• Active transport requires energy and moves substances against their concentration gradients.
• Exocytosis is the release of intracellular contents outside the cell by fusing with the plasma membrane.
• The process of active transport can be facilitated by ATP hydrolysis, which provides energy for the transport mechanism.
• The Na+/K+-ATPase pumps three sodium ions out of the cell and two potassium ions into the cell using ATP as an energy source.
• Endocytosis is the uptake of extracellular material into vesicles formed at the plasma membrane.
• Active transport requires energy from ATP hydrolysis and uses transporters or channels to move substances against their concentration gradients.
• Phagocytosis is the engulfment of large particles or microorganisms by specialized cells called phagocytes.
• Phospholipids form bilayers due to their amphiphatic nature, where one side has polar heads and the other nonpolar tails.
• Pinocytosis is the process of forming small vesicles that contain fluid from outside the cell.
• Vesicles are made from the plasma membrane when the cell needs to transport substances
• Endocytosis brings the particles inside the cell, Exocytosis brings the particles outside the cell