RAD 100 Final Exam

• Anatomical Planes


  • Frontal/coronal - separates the body into anterior and posterior parts
  • Mid-sagittal - separates body into equal right and left halves
  • Transverse/horizontal - separates the body into superior and inferior parts
• Directional Terms

  • inferior (below)
  • medial (middle)
  • lateral (side)
  • posterior (back)
  • superior (top or above)
  • anterior (front)
• Positions

  • Recumbent - lying down
  • Supine - lying on back
  • Prone - lying face down
  • Trendelenburg - head tilted down
  • Fowler - head higher than feet
  • Sims - LAO
  • Lithotomy - supine, knees flexed, abduct hips
  • Lateral - sagittal plane parallel with IR
  • Oblique - coronal plane not parallel with IR
  • Decubitus - pt lying down, beam is horizontal
• A physician who specializes in the interpretation of medical images is known as a

  radiologist
• The education of radiographers involves the commitment and dedication of many people. All of the following may be directly involved with and responsible for your education as a radiographer EXCEPT the

  medical equipment applications speccialist
• The use of x-rays to create a medical record or image on patients is referred to as

  radiography
• All of the following are true of the diagnostic procedure of mammography EXCEPT

  the procedures may be performed using a general radiographic machine. 
• The health occupation department that is responsible for the management of patient medical records and medical coding is

  health information services
• The medical imaging specialty of _______ uses radiopharmaceuticals and gamma radiation in the production of medical images for patient diagnosis.

  nuclear medicine
• To study the blood vessels of the heart, brain, kidneys, liver, and other organs, contrast material is administered into these vessels by using

  catheters
• A valuable x-ray procedure used to diagnose a myocardial infarction is

  coronary arteriography. 
• The current medical standard for measuring bone mineral density with a high degree of accuracy is

  DEXA studies of the hip and lower spine.
• Particular care must be taken when using radiation for medical imaging. This is the result of radiations ability to create __________ in human tissue and possible biochemical changes.

  ionizations
• In the diagnosis of patient disease states, physicians can select from an array of medical diagnostic modalities. A few of these involve the use of ionizing energy to create a medical image. Which of the following uses ionizing radiation, or energy?

  radiography
• To become a qualified radiologist assistant (RA), you:

  1. Must complete a recognized RA educational course of study.

  2. Must successfully pass the national examination for nursing (NCLEX).

  3. Need to be certified in radiography by the ARRT.

  4. Must successfully complete the radiologist assistant examination offered by the ARRT.

  5. Need to become a member of a local professional group of radiologic technologists.

  1, 3, and 4 only
• To become a Nuclear Medicine Technologist, which pathway is not accepted?

  high school diploma
• The organization responsible for credentialing medical imaging, interventional procedures, and radiation therapy.

  American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT)
• Wilhelm C. Roentgen's discovery of the x-ray is regarded as one of medicine's most significant achievements. Although his discovery was accidental, his early research was so thorough that no significant findings have been added to his original theories. This in itself is a true tribute to the brilliance of Roentgen as a scientist. One of the most famous early images he created was an x-ray image of his

  wifes hand
• All of the following are typical members of the radiology team EXCEPT

  biomedical engineer
• A class of health care workers who specialize in carrying out treatments designed to improve a patient's health condition and quality of life, using high-technology therapeutic equipment, are known as:

  therapists
• Radiologic science continues to be one of the most exciting professions in medicine. An imaging modality that uses no ionizing radiation and the energy of radio waves in the form of electromagnetic radiation is:

  MRI
• The Greek physician Hippocrates is regarded as the father of Western medicine. All of the following choices represent his medical beliefs EXCEPT the

  important medical value of sorcery and witchcraft.
• Throughout the history of medicine, remarkable achievements have been recorded. These events have led to our current understanding of the human organism and disease. As this research continues, much of it will most likely focus on

  human genes and genetic engineering
• As a student radiographer, you have been assigned to work with a classmate as part of a group project. Your assignment is to produce an x-ray image of a nonroutine projection of the skull. To do this, you would perform this

  using a skull phantom in a laboratory setting. 
• When you write a lengthy essay on your feelings about radiation protection, you are analyzing your

   values that are learned or instilled as a part of your affective education.
• While working as a radiographer, you design a unique receptor holder to use during portable procedures that clearly reduces the exposure of others by lessening the need to hold patients or image receptors. The development of this imaging device shows that you are functioning at what step of problem solving?

  select
• The transfer of knowledge gained in the laboratory or classroom setting is best demonstrated

  in an actual clinical setting on patients. 
• Which of the following situations would require critical thinking skills?

  1. A patient asking for directions to the restroom

  2. A physician asking you to call his office to speak to his nurse

  3. Improvising the angulation of the x-ray tube to compensate for a patient condition

  4. Your supervisor asking you to develop a new quality control plan

  5. Repositioning a patient after assessing the patient's previous images

  6. Providing a gown to a patient with instructions on putting it on correctly

  7. Modifying exposure factors after reviewing the patient's history

  3, 5, and 7 only
• Exposure factor selection for optimum image quality is one of the most challenging aspects of radiography. In your attempt to produce an image of a patient's hip in the AP projection, you become frustrated with the image you have created because it is suboptimal in image quality. When you show the image to the supervisor, he abruptly states that you need to repeat the image and this time get it right.  As you begin to repeat the image, your first critical thinking thought should be to:

  clearly identify the problem that led to the suboptimal image
• Critical thinking skills are necessary for the competent medical imaging professional. Various organizations within the radiologic sciences provide guidance and documentation of these traits. As an example, the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (ASRT) publishes ______________ that help define specific professional expectations and responsibilities.

  practice standards
• Critical thinking is an essential part of the radiologic sciences profession. This requires the professional radiographer to use broad intellectual skills and experiences when making the correct choice for any given situation because

  no two procedures or treatments are the same. all of the above.   many decisions are difficult and complex.   working with each patient is a unique experience., all of the above
• All of the following choices would generally require critical thinking EXCEPT

  checking in for work and reviewing the day’s schedule. 
• In your experiences as a student radiographer, you will encounter a variety of technologists, each with his or her own methods for performing procedures. Some will be quite good, and unfortunately some will be bad. As a student, you have a responsibility to recognize these various behaviors and assess their professional correctness. A firm reference point for determining the appropriate behavior for technologist behavior would be

  referencing the ASRT Practice Standards and ARRT Code of Ethics.
• Effective strategies to lessen fear and improve cooperation in a young child would be to

  1. bring the child into a darkened x-ray room.

  2. lower the elevating table before bringing the child into the room.

  3. preposition the x-ray tube support and table before bringing the child into the room.

  4. move the overhead tube crane assembly around quickly and loudly to impress the child with your expertise.

  5. preselect exposure factors to expedite the examination.

  6. minimize unusual noises that are an unnecessary part of the examination.

  2,3, 5, and 6 only
• True DR receptors fall into one of two categories:  __________ or __________.

  direct, indirect
• Chest radiographs done upright and upright abdominal studies are conveniently performed using a(n)

  upright image receptor holder or Bucky. 
• Fluoroscopy done in the surgical area for sophisticated interventional procedures, is typically accomplished with a

  portable C-arm system. 
• A general radiographic imaging system consists of which components?

  1. Control console and generator

  2. X-ray tube and support assembly

  3. Lead aprons and gloves

  4. Left and right lead markers

  5. X-ray table and upright image receptor holder

  6. Collimator assembly

   1, 2, 5, and 6 only 
• A popular feature on x-ray generators that simplifies exposure technique selection and improves consistency of image quality is:

  automatic exposure control (AEC). 
• In a radiographic/fluoroscopic (R/F) system, the primary barrier is considered to be the

  image receptor