AnaPhy Ch 1

Subdecks (5)

Cards (107)

  • Anatomy
    Investigates body structure
  • Physiology
    Investigates processes and functions
  • Human Physiology
    Studies the human organism
  • Systemic Physiology
    Studies body organ-systems
  • Cellular Physiology

    Studies body cells
  • Systemic Anatomy
    Studies body organ systems
  • Regional Anatomy
    Studies body regions
  • Surface Anatomy
    Studies external features, e.g. bone projections
  • Anatomical Imaging
    Using technologies, e.g. x-rays, ultrasounds
  • Integumentary System

    Consists of the hair, skin, nails, teeth, sweat glands. Provides protection, regulates temperature, prevents water loss, and helps produce vitamin D
  • Skeletal System

    Consists of bones, cartilages, ligaments, joints. Provides protection and support, allows body movements, produces blood cells, and stores minerals and adipose tissue
  • Muscular System
    Consists of muscles. Produces body movements, maintains posture, and produces body heat
  • Nervous System
    Consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors. Detects sensations and controls movements, physiological processes, and intellectual functions
  • Endocrine System

    Consists of endocrine glands. Influences metabolism, growth, reproduction, etc.
  • Cardiovascular System

    Consists of the heart, blood vessels, blood. Transport nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones throughout the body. Plays a role in the immune response and the regulation of body temperature
  • Lymphatic System
    Consists of the lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, etc. Removes foreign substances from the blood and lymph, combats disease, maintains tissue fluid balance, and absorbs dietary fats from the digestive tract
  • Respiratory System

    Consists of the lungs, respiratory passages. Exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and air and regulates blood pH
  • Digestive System

    Consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines. Performs the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of wastes
  • Urinary System
    Consists of the kidneys, urinary bladder, ureter. Removes waste products from the blood and regulates blood pH, ion balance, and water balance
  • Female Reproductive System

    Consists of the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, mammary glands. Produces oocytes and is the site of fertilization and fetal development. Produces milk for the newborn. Produces hormones that influence sexual function and behaviors
  • Male Reproductive System

    Consists of the testes, ducts, penis. Produces and transfers sperm cells to the female and produces hormones that influence sexual functions and behaviors
  • Organization
    Functional interrelationships between parts
  • Metabolism
    Sum of all chemical and physical changes sustaining an organism. Ability to acquire and use energy in support of these changes
  • Responsiveness
    Ability to sense and respond to environmental changes. Includes both internal and external environments
  • Growth
    Increase in size of cells, group of cells (tissue), extracellular materials
  • Developmental
    Changes in form, size, and cell structure and function from generalized to specialized — differentiation
  • Reproduction
    Formation of new cells or new organisms. Generation of new individuals. Tissue repair
  • Homeostasis
    Maintenance of constant internal environment despite fluctuations in the external or internal environment
  • Variables in Homeostasis
    • Measures of body properties that may change in value, e.g. body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure
  • Normal Range
    Normal extent of increase or decrease around a set point
  • Set Point
    Normal or average value of a variable
  • Negative Feedback
    Main mechanism used in homeostatic regulation. Involves detection (of deviation away from set point) and correction (reversal of deviation toward set point and normal range)
  • Components of Feedback
    • Receptor – detects changes in variable
    • Control Center – receives receptor signal, establishes set point, sends signal to effector
    • Effector – directly causes change in variable
  • Positive Feedback
    Mechanisms occur when the initial stimulus further stimulates the response
  • Anatomical Position
    Person standing erect with face and palms forward. All relational descriptions based on the anatomical position, regardless of body orientation