Cell theory and parts of the cell

• (1590s) Zacharias Janssen, a dutch eyeglass maker, invented the first microscope

  • it is an instrument used to magnify small objects
• (1665) While looking at a piece of cork under the microscope, Robert Hooke saw box-shaped structures that he called "cells".

  • it is the basic unit of structure and function in living things
• (1674) Anton van Leeuwenhoek, while looking at pond water under the microscope, observed what he called "animalcules"

  • he is known as the father of microbiology
• (1838) Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, stated that plants are made up of cells

  • botanists' study
• (1839) Theodor Schwann, a German physiologist, concluded that animals are also made up of cells

  • examples of this includes mammals, birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles and insects
• (1855) Rudolf Virchow stated that cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division

  • it is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells
• Robert Hooke discovered the cell while looking at cork through a microscope. He observed box-shaped structures, which he called “cells” as they reminded him of the cells, or rooms, in monasteries. 

  
• Zacharias Janssen invented the telescope and/or the microscope in Middelburg between 1590 and 1618.

  
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek is commonly known as "the Father of Microbiology", and one of the first microscopists and microbiologists.

  
• Theodor Schwann was a German physician and physiologist. His most significant contribution to biology is considered to be the extension of cell theory to animals. 

  
• Matthias Schleiden was a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow.

  
• Rudolf Virchow was a German physician, anthropologist, pathologist, prehistorian, biologist, writer, editor, and politician. He is known as "the father of modern pathology" 

  
• Organelles

  • means "little organs"
  • specialized structures found within the cell which performs specific functions vital to cellular life

  
• Cell Membrane

  • a thin, double layer of protein and fat
  • function: separates the inner contents of the cell with its environment
  • regulates the passage of materials in and out of the cell
• Cell Wall

  • a rigid membrane surrounding plant cells made up mostly of cellulose
  • function: gives the cell protection, support, and structure
  • plant cell
• Nucleus

  • a membrane-bound spherical body discovered by Robert Brown in 1831
  • function: stores the cell's DNA, controls and regulates cell activities, controls the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins
  • animal and plant cell
• Nucleolus

  • a spherical body found inside the nucleus
  • function: produces and assemble ribosomes
  • animal and plant cell
• Ribosome

  • a large complex of protein and RNA
  • function: sites of protein synthesis
• Mitochondria

  • a double-membraned, rod-shaped organelle
  • has its own DNA
  • function: produces chemical energy needed to power the cell in the ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
  • animal and plant cell
• Endoplasmic Reticulum

  • a series of interconnected membranous sacs and tubules
  • animal and plant cell
  • two types: rough er and smooth er
• Rough ER

  • with ribosomes attached to its surface
  • function: modifies proteins synthesized by ribosomes
  • makes phospholipids for cellular membranes
• Smooth ER

  • no attached ribosomes
  • function: production of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroids
  • detoxification of drugs and toxins
  • storage of calcium ions
• Golgi Body

  • a series of flattened, sac-like membranes that resembles a stack of pancakes
  • function: sort, tag, package, and distribute lipids and proteins
  • animal and plant cells
• Lysosome

  • spherical bodies containing digestive enzymes
  • function: digests cellular nutrients
  • breaks down worn-out or damaged organelles
  • aids in apoptosis (programmed cell death)
  • animal cell
• Chloroplast

  • a long disc-shaped organelle containing the pigment chlorophyll
  • function: site of photosynthesis
  • plant cell
• Vacuole

  • a large space within the cell that is enclosed in a membrane and filled with fluid
  • function: maintains water balance
  • maintains cell shape
  • stores nutrients and waste products
  • plant cell
• Cytoskeleton

  • a network of protein filaments or fiber
  • types: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments
  • function: provides shape and structure
  • movement
  • involved spindle formation during cell division
  • animal and plant cell
• Brain of the cell

  Nucleus
• Subway system

  Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Garbage collector

  Lysosome
• Security guard

  Cell membrane
• Protein factor

  Ribosome
• Powerhouse

  Mitochondria
• Mailman


  Golgi Body
• Cafeteria

  Chloroplast
• Cell Theory

  1. all living things are made up of cells
  2. cells are the basic unit of structure and function in an organism
  3. cells come from pre-existing cells. "omnis cellula e cellula" - Rudolf Virchow
• According to the cell theory, "all living things are made up of cells". This tenet is a product of the work and research of which two scientists?

  • Theodor Schwann and Mattias Schleiden
• Organelles can be found in the cytoplasm of a cell
• Organelles that are NOT found in a plant cell.

  Lysosome
• Rudolf Virchow's observations was instrumental in disproving which widely accepted belief during his time?

  Spontaneous Generation