FRESH ECO EXAMS

• Limnology


  The scientific study of all inland waters around the world. Combines the sciences of chemistry, biology, physics and geology
• Limne


  Marsh or pond
• Forel - the oceanography of lakes


  1892
• Lind 1979


  Non-marine aquatic ecology
• Margalef 1983


  The ecology of non-oceanic waters. Studied basic limnological processes in tropical regions
• Baldi 1949


  Considered the essence of limnology to be the study of movement of matter in a body of water
• Inland waters


  • Ephemeral, discontinuous in space & are distributed irregularly throughout the inland continents
• Limnology & oceanography


  Water (substrate) with fundamental properties
• Ocean


  Older, continuous in space (plants & animals are widely distributed)
• 35-39 grams of salt/kg water
• Two aspects to be considered in all these definitions

  • Descriptive
  • Functional
• Ecosystem


  A natural unit consisting of living components (biotic) and non-living components (abiotic) that belong to a system of energy flow and cycling of matter
• Two aspects of structural analysis

  • Description of abiotic components & their properties
  • Assessment of biotic components
• Limnological research includes


  • Analytical field
  • Laboratory research
• Birge (1851–1950) and Juday (1872–1944)


  Studied the effect of thermal and chemical stratification. They proposed the typology of lakes on 1911 – the relationships between productivity of organic matter, lake depth, lake morphology, and dissolved oxygen content
• Juday (1916)


  Conducted comparative studies on several lakes in Central America
• Thienemann & Naumann (1922)

  Founded the International Association of Theoretical and Applied Limnology (now called the International Society of Limnology), and the establishment of a laboratory at Windermere (1931) in support of the Freshwater Biological Association, founded in 1929. Founder and co-founded of the International Society of London
• Weber (1907)


  Classification of lakes based on trophic status
• Yoshimura (1938)


  Established a scientific information base in Japan, and many Japanese limnologists have produced
• Research laboratories established in US, Europe – conducted research on aquatic ecosystems
• Sunda Expedition (1928-1929)


  A major event that brought Thienemann, Ruttner, Feuerborn and Herrmann together for a joint limnological project
• Theinemann (1931)


  Highlighted the absence of hypolimnetic oxygen in lakes in Java, Sumatra, and Bali and discovered problems in traditional oligotrophic /eutrophic classification used for temperate region lakes
• Thienemann (1925)


  "Dystrophy" - lakes with high concentrations of humic substances
• Max Planck Institute & National Institute for Amazonian Research


  Studied major rivers & deltas in South America
• Bornetto (1975, 1986), Neiff (1986), and Di Persia and Olazarri (1986)


  Studied Parana, Uruguay and Bermejo rivers
• Bahamonde and Cabrea, (1984) - Chile

  Study on Rapel Dam