STM 010 (SAS 1)

• Anatomy


  The study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
• Physiology


  The study of how the body and its parts work or function
• Types of Anatomy


  • Gross (Macroscopic) Anatomy
  • Regional Anatomy
  • Systemic Anatomy
  • Surface Anatomy
  • Microscopic Anatomy
• Microscopic Anatomy


  • Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye
  • Subdivisions include Histology (study of tissues) and Cytology (study of cells)
• Developmental Anatomy


  • Traces structural changes that occur throughout the lifespan
  • Subdivision includes Embryology (concerns developmental changes before birth)
• Types of Physiology


  • Renal Physiology
  • Neurophysiology
  • Cardiovascular Physiology
• Anatomical Position


  Reference position in which the body is standing erect, facing forward, arms down at the side, palms turned forward
• Directional Terms


  • Superior or cranial (toward the head end or upper part)
  • Inferior or caudal (away from the head end or toward the lower part)
  • Anterior or ventral (toward or at the front of the body)
  • Posterior or dorsal (toward or at the back of the body)
  • Medial (toward or at the midline of the body)
  • Lateral (away from the midline of the body)
  • Intermediate (between a more medial and a more lateral structure)
  • Proximal (closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk)
  • Distal (farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk)
  • Superficial (external, toward or at the body surface)
  • Deep (internal, away from the body surface, more internal)
• Regional Terms


  Identity specific areas of the body, sometimes using a descriptive word to identify the location, or using a body part to identify a particular region
• Regional Terms


  • Axial Region (head, neck, and trunk)
  • Appendicular Region (arms and legs)
• Body Planes/Sections


  • Sagittal Plane (divides vertically into right and left parts)
  • Frontal (Coronal) Plane (divides vertically into front and rear parts)
  • Transverse (Horizontal) Plane (divides horizontally into top and bottom parts)
• Body Cavities


  • Ventral Cavity (Thoracic Cavity, Abdominopelvic Cavity)
  • Dorsal Cavity (Cranial Cavity, Spinal Cavity)
• The Ventral Cavity includes the Thoracic Cavity (with Mediastinum and Pleural Cavities) and the Abdominopelvic Cavity (with Abdominal Cavity and Pelvic Cavity)