L27 Neck and Pharyngeal arches

• When does pharyngeal arches start to appear ?

  4th to 5th weeks of developments
• Each pharyngeal arch consists of what connective tissues

  Mesenchyme

  Ectoderm

  Endoderm
• List the branches of trigeminal nerve

  -Ophthalmic

  -Maxillary

  -Mandibular division
• State 3 components of pharyngeal arch

  -Pharyngeal arch artery

  -Cartiliginous rod

  -Mandibular division
• What are the contents of submandibular (anterior triangle)

  -Submandibular gland and lymph nodes

  -Facial vein and artery
• What are the contents of muscular (anterior triangle)

  -
• What are the contents of carotid (anterior triangle)

  -Common carotid artery

  -Internal jugular vein
• What are the contents of submental (anterior triangle)

  -Submental lymph nodes

  -Anterior jugular vein (small veins unite)
• What are the contents of occipital (posterior triangle)

  -spinal accessory nerve

  -upper trunk of brachial plexus
• What are the contents of omoclavicular (posterior triangle)

  -subclavian vein

  -external jugular vein
• State layers of fascia of neck and its significance

  -Superficial cervical - anterolateral consist platysma

  -Investing deep cervical - enclose sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

  -Pretrracheal deep cervical - provide slippery surface for movement of trachea

  -Prevertebral - covers prevertebral muscles
• Describe platysma and its function

  -Platysma is broad,thin sheet muscle in superficial cervical fascia

  -Anterior border blend with fascia muscle

  -Help tenses skin,depress mandible and facial expression
• Describe thyroid gland

  -Lies deep to sternothyroid and sternohyoid muscle

  -Located anteriorly in neck at level C5 and T1

  -anterolateral to larynx and trachea

  -Supplied by superior and inferior thyroid arteries