THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE

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  • Spearman’s Two Factor Theory

    -       “G” factor (general intelligence)
    -       inherited intellectual capacity that influenced all around performance
    -       “S” factor (specific abilities)
    -       task specific intelligence
  • Multiple Intelligence

    -       Howard Gardner
    -       describes eight distinct intelligences that are based on skills and abilities that are valued within different culture
    -       the eight intelligences Gardner described are:
           -       Visual-Spatial Intelligence
           -       Verbal-Linguistic Intelligence
           -       Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
           -       Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
           -       Interpersonal Intelligence
           -       Musical Intelligence
           -       Intrapersonal Intelligence
           -       Naturalistic Intelligence
  • Thurstone Primary Mental Abilities
    -       Word Fluency
    -       Verbal Comprehension
    -       Reasoning
    -       Memory
    -       Perceptual Speed
    -       Space
    -       Number
  • Structure of Intellect

    -       J.P. Guilford
    -       intelligence is viewed as comprising operations (the way one think), contents (what one thinks), and product (result of the application of an operation to a certain content, or our kind of thinking towards a certain subject)
  • Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence
    -       Cattell and Horn
    -       fluid intelligence, ability to reason quickly and to think abstractly
    -       crystallized intelligence, knowledge and skills that are accumulated over a lifetime
  • Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
    -       Robert Sternberg
    -       intelligence as "mental activity directed toward purposive adaptation to, selection and shaping of, real-world environments relevant to one’s life"
    -       Sternberg proposed what he refers to as 'successful intelligence,' which is comprised of three different factors:
    -       analytical intelligence
    -       creative intelligence
    -       creative intelligence