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• Tradition


  Identifying characteristics of interest and assuming these traits carry over to non-test situations
• Sign


  Inference about performance or response, symbolic of other characteristics
• Functional analysis


  1. Precise analysis of stimuli that precede behavior and consequences that follow

  2. Understand motive and alter behavior
• SORC method


  Stimulus to behavior<|>Organismic variables<|>Response or problem<|>Consequence
• Behavioral Assessment


  • Ongoing process before, during, after
  • Diagnostic formulations
  • Patient environment
  • Continual, thorough assessment
• Behavioral Interview


  1. Define ultimate outcomes

  2. Identify chain of changes necessary to achieve outcomes

  3. Short term vs. long term
• Behavioral Interview goals


  Identify SORC variables<|>Establish patient expectations and strengths<|>Identify past attempts
• Observational Method


  • Naturalistic, direct observation
  • Ethical standards
  • Requires reliability and validity
• Home observation


  • Mealtime Family Interaction Coding
• School observation


  • Direct Observation Form
• Hospital observation


  • Time Sample Behavior Checklist
• Controlled observation


  Environment is "designed" to trigger specific behaviors
• Parental-adolescent conflict


  • Interaction Behavior Code (IBC)
• Controlled performance technique


  Contrived situations that allow for control & standardization, used for phobia therapy
• Self monitoring


  Records of emotion, thought, behavior, shows stimulus & triggers
• Observational Method


  • Higher complexity, higher unreliability
  • Clear definitions & ratings needed
  • Observer Drift
• Validity


  Content, concurrent, construct, ecological
• Mechanics of rating


  Unit of analysis, intensity, duration, frequency
• Observer Errors


  Mishearing, misunderstanding, individual bias, influence of reactivity
• Improving reliability & validity


  • Specify objective behaviors
  • Establish explicit theoretical framework
  • Use trained observers
  • Standardized observational format
  • Awareness of potential errors
  • Consider reactivity and representativeness
• Trends in data acquisition

  Role of technology, real time self monitoring, automated scoring & analysis<|>Ecological momentary assessments, time stamping
• Other Behavior Assessment Techniques

  • Role-playing
  • Inventories and checklists
• Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment


  Behavior influenced by cognitions & thoughts<|>Functional analysis of thinking process<|>Strategies: thinking aloud, reporting thoughts, rating scales
• Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment tools


  • Assertiveness Self Statement Test
  • Attributional Style Questionnaire
  • Social Thought and Belief Scale
• Strengths of Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment

  • Systematic, precise, multiple assessment periods, continually modified
• Weaknesses of Cognitive-Behavioral Assessment


  • Sometimes clinically impractical, time intensive, expensive