STS

• Science


  The process of learning about the natural world through observation and experimentation
• Science


  A system of knowledge about the physical, chemical, and biological universe and the things that occur in it
• Science


  Knowledge gained by systematic and logical study in any branches of physical, chemical or natural sciences, which is gained through observation and experimentation, as facts or principles or hypothesis, to open up new areas of knowledge
• Science


  The observation, identification, description, experimental investigation, and theoretical explanation of natural phenomena
• Other common definitions of science

  • A branch of knowledge or study dealing with a body of facts or truths systematically arranged and showing the operation of general laws
  • Systemic knowledge of the physical or material world gained through observations and experimentation
  • Systematized knowledge in general
  • Any of the particular branches of natural or physical sciences
  • Knowledge of facts or principles; knowledge gained by systematic study
  • Skill especially reflecting a precise application of facts or principle
• Science and technology studies (STS)


  The study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture
• Antecedents


  The history, events, characteristics, etc., of one's earlier life
• The beginnings of modern science and technology in the Philippines can be traced to the Spanish regime
• The direction and pace of development of science and technology were greatly shaped by the role of the religious orders in the conquest and colonization of the archipelago and by economic and trade adopted by the colonial government
• Society


  A group of people participating in continous social connection
• Intellectual Revolution


  The time period when advancement of science & technology changed people's perceptions and beliefs
• The development during the Intellectual Revolution showed how Society was transformed by Science and Technology
• Intellectual Revolution


  Pertains to the period of paradigm shifts or changes in the scientific beliefs that have been widely embraced and accepted by the people
• Intellectual revolutions transformed societies by promoting critical thinking and creating rules to provide equal opportunities to people
• Copernican Revolution


  A major scientific and philosophical change that occurred during the 16th and 17th centuries, named after the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus, who is known for his theory of heliocentrism
• The Copernican Revolution challenged the prevailing belief at the time that the earth was the center of the Universe and it marked a significant shift in the way people thought about the cosmos and their place in it
• Geocentric model


  The view that the Earth was stationary at the Center of the Universe, and that the sun, moon, planets, and stars all revolved around it
• Heliocentrism


  The view that the Sun is at the Center of the Universe
• Darwinian Revolution


  Charles Darwin changed our concept of the world's creation and evolution, providing a different theory than the "Theory of Creation"
• Geologist


  A scientist who studies the solid, liquid, and gaseous matter that constitutes Earth and other terrestrial planets, as well as the processes that shape them
• Biologist


  A scientist who focuses on living organisms, including plants and animals
• Sigmund Freud

  An Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for evaluating and treating pathologies seen as originating from conflicts in the psyche, through dialogue between patient and psychoanalyst, and the distinctive theory of mind and human agency derived from it
• Psychosexual development


  The process during which personality and sexual behavior mature through a series of stages
• Mesoamerican civilization


  The complex of indigenous cultures that developed in parts of Mexico and Central America prior to Spanish exploration and conquest in the 16th century
• Olmecs


  The "rubber people", a culture that lasted from about 1400 BCE to 100 BCE
• Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and extends to most of Central America
• The four major civilisations that have roots in Asia are Mesopotamian Civilisation, Persian Civilisation, Indus Valley Civilisation and Chinese Civilisation
• Mesopotamian civilizations


  Originated on the banks of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates (modern-day Iraq and Kuwait), dating back to 4000-3500 BC
• Persian Empire


  A series of dynasties centered in modern-day Iran that spanned several centuries—from the sixth century B.C. to the 20th century A.D.
• Indus Valley Civilization


  One of the four greatest civilisations in the world, flourishing in 2500 BC on the banks of the Indus River
• Chinese Civilization


  Dates back as early as 1250 BC, starting from the Shang dynasty
• Ancient Middle East


  Gave rise to some of the greatest empires in human history, including Mesopotamia, Babylonia, the Persian Empire and the Byzantine Empire
• The earliest civilizations in history were established in the region now known as the Middle East around 3500 BC by the Sumerians, in Mesopotamia (Iraq), widely regarded as the cradle of civilization
• Many advances in metallurgy and tool making were made across the entirety of ancient Africa
• Scientific discovery and the application of technology to the natural environment have been essential to the history of Africa and in the development of the African diaspora throughout the world, and especially in the Americas
• Examples of ancient Africa's contribution to science

  • Mathematics: Egyptians wrote textbooks on mathematics, people in present-day Democratic Republic of Congo developed their own numeration system, the Yoruba numeration system was based on units of 20
  • Astronomy: Egyptians charted the movement of the sun and constellations and the cycles of the moon
  • Architecture/Engineering: The wonder of the buildings of Great Zimbabwe, impressive cities like Timbuktu with grand palaces, mosques and universities
  • Navigation: Ancient Africans sailed to South America and Asia hundreds of years before Europeans, built boats 100 feet long and 13 feet wide that could carry up to 80 tons
  • Manufacturing and Industry: Development of indigo dyeing, including the development of dye pits using locally produced cement
• Europeans prided themselves as the first to sail boats to the Americas. However, historical evidence suggests that ancient Africans sailed to South America and Asia hundreds of years before Europeans.
• Ancient African boats


  • Small reed-based vessels
  • Sailboats
  • Boats 100 feet long and 13 feet wide that could carry up to 80 tons
• Around the same time as they were sailing to South America in the 13th century, these ancient African peoples also sailed to China and back, carrying elephants as cargo
• Indigo dyeing


  Development of dye pits using locally produced cement