ai L1

• Aspects of Intelligence


  • Problem Solving and Creativity
  • Learning
  • Reasoning
  • Social Behavior
  • Experiencing our Environment with our senses: Hearing, Sight, Touch, Taste, Smelling
• Perception


  The acquisition of knowledge or skills through study, experience, or being taught
• Learning


  The ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses
• Reasoning


  The action of thinking about something in a logical, sensible way
• Problem Solving and Decision Making


  The capability of a machine to imitate intelligent behavior
• Artificial Intelligence


  The study and design of intelligent agents<|>Computing machinery capable of duplicating human cognitive mental states<|>A broad field of science encompassing not only computer science but also psychology, philosophy, linguistics and other areas
• Ability to apply knowledge in order to perform better in an environment
• Capacity for learning, reasoning, understanding, problem solving
• Everything we hear is an opinion, not a truth. Everything we see is a perspective not the truth.
• Cognitive


  The mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses
• Smart machine


  A device embedded with cognitive abilities such as artificial intelligence
• AI >> Making machines smart!!!
• Self-aware


  Having conscious knowledge of one's own character and feelings
• The robot passed a 'self-awareness' test in the experiment led by Professor Selmer Bringsjord of New York's Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• Aspects of Artificial Intelligence

  • How can we build an efficient computer? (OS, PL, Algo, Tools to write modern programs)
  • How does language relate to thought? (computational linguistics or NLP)
  • Can formal rules be used to draw valid conclusion? Where does knowledge comes from? How does knowledge lead to action?
  • What are the formal rules to draw valid conclusion? (computational model, logic, probability)
  • How should we make decisions so as to maximize pay off? How should we do this when others may not go along? (utility, decision theory)
  • How do brains process information?
  • How do humans and animals think and act?
• McCulloch & Pitts: "Boolean circuit model of brain"


  1943
• Donald Hebb: "Hebbian Learning"


  1949
• Alan Turing: "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"


  1950
• Dartmouth meeting: "Artificial Intelligence" adopted

  1956
• McCarthy defined the high-level language Lisp


  1958
• Robinson's discovery of the resolution method


  1965
• Early development of knowledge-based systems


  1969-79
• AI becomes an industry

  1980-present
• AI becomes a science

  1987-present
• The emergence of intelligent agents

  1995-present
• Chatbot "Eliza"


  1966
• Chatbot "WABOT-1"


  1972
• First AI winter


  1974-1980
• Autonomous planning and scheduling


  • NASA's on board autonomous planning program controlled the scheduling of operations for a spacecraft
• Game playing


  • Deep Blue defeated the reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov in 1997
• Autonomous control


  • No hands across America (driving autonomously 98% of the time from Pittsburgh to San Diego)
• Diagnosis


  • Medical diagnosis programs based on probabilistic analysis have been able to perform at the level of an expert physician in several areas of medicine
• Robotics


  • Many surgeons now use robot assistants in microsurgery
• Language understanding and problem solving

  • Solves crossword puzzles better than most humans
• Thinking Humanly


  Cognitive modeling approach
• Acting Humanly


  Turing Test Approach
• Thinking Rationally


  Laws of Thought Approach
• Acting Rationally


  Rational Agent Approach
• Turing Test


  A test for intelligence called the Imitation Game, where a human interrogator cannot tell if the written responses come from a person or a computer
• Alan Turing


  • English mathematician, computer scientist, logician, philosopher and theoretical biologist