LESSON 4

• Baroque


  First period in which instrumental music is as important as vocal
• Violin


  • Especially important in the rise of instrumental music
  • Growing popularity
  • Increasing number of amateur violinists created market for composers
• Baroque music


  Heavily ornamented style of music that came out of the Renaissance
• By the mid-18th century, the focus shifts to the German composers Bach and Handel
• Many of the forms identified with Baroque music originated in Italy
• Johanne Pachelbel


  German composer known for his works for organ and one of the greatest organ masters of the generation before Bach<|>All Pachelbel's work is in contrapuntally simple style<|>His organ compositions show a knowledge of Italian forms
• Canon in D


  Most famous work of Pachelbel, written for three violins
• Pachelbel's other works


  • Chaconne in F minor
  • Hexachordum Appolinis – a set of keyboard variations
• Antonio Vivaldi


  Venetian priest and Baroque Music Composer, as well as a famous virtuoso violist<|>Wrote over 500 concertos, nearly half of them with solo pieces for violinist
• Vivaldi's most famous works

  • The Four Seasons
  • Concerto no.5 in E flat Major "La tempesta Di Mare" (The Storm at Sea)
  • The Anna Maria Concertos
• Johanne Sebastian Bach


  Outstanding harpsichordist, organist and expert on organ building<|>Now recognized as one of the greatest composers of all time<|>Enriched established German styles through his mastery of counterpoint, harmonic and motivic organization and his adaptation of rhythms, forms and textures from abroad, particularly from Italy and France
• Bach's most famous works


  • Branderburg Concertos
  • The Well-tempered Clavier
  • The Mass in B-minor
• Concerto


  A composition for a solo instrument set against the background of an orchestral ensemble
• George Frederick Handel


  German English Composer of the late Baroque era, noted particularly for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental compositions<|>Master of the orchestral means
• Handel's most famous works

  • Messiah 1741
  • Water Music 1717
  • Music for Royal Fireworks 1749
• The bulk of Handel's music was vocal
• Handel's harpsichord music


  • Suites de pieces pour le clavecin 1720
  • Suites de pieces of 1733
• Franz Schubert


  His output consists of over 600 secular vocal works, symphonies, sacred music, operas and piano music
• Secular music


  Music that is intended for a non-religious audience
• Sacred music


  Music that serves a particular religious purpose in both Catholic and Protestant Christian traditions
• Symphony


  A musical composition for orchestra, typically in four movements, at least one of which is in sonata form
• Opera


  A form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers
• Schubert's most famous works

  • Lieder
  • Symphony no.9 in C major (The Great)
  • Symphony in B minor (Unfinished)
  • The Devil's Palace of Desire
  • Gretchen at the Spinning wheel
  • Frost
• Sonata form


  Properly speaking, exists during the Classical period
• Sonata


  A piece of music that is written for an instrumental soloist
• Joseph Haydn


  Helped establish the forms and styles for the string quartet and the symphony<|>Known as the Father of Quartet and the Father of Symphony
• Haydn's most famous works

  • Stabat Mater 1767
  • Missa Sancti Nicolai 1772
  • String quartets of Opus 20
  • Piano sonata in C major
  • Trauersymphonie in E minor no.44 (Mourning Symphony)
  • Symphony no.45 (Farewell)
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart


  Considered the greatest composer in the history of Western Music<|>His serenades, divertimenti and dances, written on request for the entertainment and outdoor parties of the nobility, have become synonymous with the Classical "age of elegance"
• Mozart's most famous works

  • Serenade in G-major (A little night music)
  • Last ten string quartets
  • The string quintets
  • Mass in C minor
  • The Serenade for thirteen wind instruments
  • Le nozze di Figaro (The Marriage of Figaro)
  • Don Giovanni (Don Juan)
  • The Magic Flute
• Ludwig Van Beethoven


  Greatest composer who ever lived<|>His personal life was marked by a heroic struggle against encroaching deafness<|>Some of his most important works were composed during the last 10 years of his life when he was unable to hear
• Beethoven's most famous works

  • Symphony #7 Movement 2
  • Symphony #6 (The Pastoral) Movement 1
  • Piano Sonata #13 Movement 3
  • Piano Sonata #14 (Moonlight) Movement 1
  • Violin Sonata #5 (Spring) Movement 2
  • Piano Trio #6 Movements 1 and 3
  • Violin Concerto Movement 2
  • Fidelio- The Prisoners Chorus
  • Missa Somemnis – Sanctus
  • Fur Elisse
• Romantic Music


  A period of Western classical Music that began in the late 18th to 19th century
• Romance


  A musical composition that reflects the moods and feelings of night time
• Nocturne


  A musical composition that reflects the moods and feelings of night time
• Etude


  A short classical music composition written for practice purposes and usually focuses on a specific area of technical performance
• Polonaise


  A stately Polish processional dance, performed by couples who walk around the dance hall; the music is in triple meter and moderate tempo
• Carl Maria Von Weber

  A German and opera director during the transition from Classical to Romantic music
• Weber's most famous operas

  • The Free shooter 1821
  • The Magic Marksman 1823
  • Oberon 1826
  • Der Freischutz – the most popular German Opera
• Weber was a sickly child, having been born with limp throughout his life
• Weber's other famous works

  • Four sonatas
  • Two concertos
  • Konzertstuck in F minor
  • Invitation to the Dance
  • Polacca Brillante
  • Temperaments on the Loss of a Lover