Glycolysis

• What is glycolysis?


  the first process of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration #
• Where does glycolysis take place?

  cytoplasm of the cell
• what does respiration produce?

  ATP
• What type of process is glycolysis?

  Anaerobic
• List the stages of glycolysis?

  1. Phosphorylation of glucose --> glucose phosphate, USING ATP
  2. Production of triose phosphate
  3. Oxidation of triose phosphate --> Pyruvate. Net gain of ATP and reduced NAD
• Glucose is phosphorylated using what?(phosphorylation stage)


  A phosphate from a molecule of ATP

  This creates 1 molecule of glucose phosphate and 1 molecule of ADP
• What happens after glucose is phosphorylated ?(phosphorylation stage)


  ATP used to add another phosphate, forming HEXOSE BISPHOSPHATE.
• What happens after hexose bisphosphate is formed?(phosphorylation stage)


  hexose bisphosphate is split into 2 molecules of triose phosphate
• 2 stages of glycolysis?

  Phosphorylation

  Oxidation
• First stage of the oxidation stage in glycolysis?


  triose phosphate is oxidised, forming 2 molecules of pyruvate
• What happens when 2 molecules of pyruvate are formed (oxidation stage)?


  NAD collects the hydrogen ions, forming 2 reduced NAD

  • 4ATP are produced , but 2 used up in the phosphorylation stage, SO NET GAIN OF 2 ATP
• What happens if respiration is only ANaerobic (pyruvate)?


  Pyruvate can be converted to ethanol or lactate using reduced NAD.

  The oxidised NAD produced in this way can be used in further glycolysis
• What happens if respiration is aerobic (pyruvate)?


  Pyruvate from glycolysis enters the mitochondrial MATRIX by active transport