Electron Transport Chain (PMT)

• Stage 1 of oxidative phosphorylation?

  Hydrogen atoms released from reduced NAD and reduced FAD as they are OXIDISED to NAD and FAD

  The H atoms split into protons(H+) and electrons (e-)
• Stage 2 of oxidative phosphorylation?


  Electrons move down the electron transport chain, losing energy at each carrier
• what is the electron transport chain made up of ?


  electron carriers
• Stage 3 of oxidative phosphorylation?


  this energy is used by the electron carriers to pump PROTONS from the MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX into the INTERMEMBRANE SPACE.
• What is the intermembrane space?

  The space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes
• stage 4 of oxidative phosphorylation?


  The concentration of PROTONS is now HIGHER in the intermembrane space than in the mitochondrial matrix,

  • this forms an ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT (conc gradient of ions)
• what is an electrochemical gradient?

  a concentration gradient of ions
• stage 5 of oxidative phosphorylation?


  Protons move down the electrochemical gradient back across the inner mitochondrial membrane and into the mitochondrial matrix, via ATP synthase

  this movement drives the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi
• stage 6 of oxidative phosphorylation?


  This process of ATP production driven by the movement of H+ ions across a membrane (due to electrons moving down an electron transport chain) is calleed chemiosmosis
• what is chemiosmosis described by ?


  the chemiosmotic theory
• stage 7 (final stage) of oxidative phosphorylation?


  in the mitochondrial matrix, at the end of the transport chain, the protons, electrons and O2 (from the BLOOD) COMBINE TO FORM WATER. oxygen is said to be the final electron acceptor
• what is said to be the final electron acceptor?


  oxygen