AR and MR for NFOs

• AR of assault - causing the victim to apprehend the immediate use of unlawful force or violence.
• MR of assault - intention or recklessness as to causing the victim to apprehend the use of unlawful force or violence
• AR for battery – the application of unlawful force
• MR for battery – intention or recklessness as to the application of unlawful force
• AR for s.47 – assault or battery occasioning actual bodily harm.
• MR for s.47- intention or recklessness as to causing assault or battery.
• AR for s.20 – inflicting a wound / GBH.
• MR for s.20 – ‘malicious’ = intention or recklessness as to causing some harm
• AR for s.18 – causing a wound / GBH.
• MR for s.18 – intention as to causing GBH.