SCHOOL AGE

• School age or middle childhood - “Benign” or “Latent time of growth”
• School age - Important period in the formation of attitudes toward food and food habits
• Characteristics

  • Slow but steady growth.
  • They have high awareness of peers and are very teacher oriented
  • They have very tender gums and unstable teeth
  • Less dependent on his parents
  • Have his own set of friends and school activities
  • Appetite is increased
• Weight - 3 to 6 lbs in weight is added per year
• Height - Increases by 2 – 2 1/2 inches per year
• Girl is taller and heavier than boys by age 13
• • Age 13 - boys ang tumatangkad 
  • School age - girls ang mas malalaki
• Growth Spurt - Males: begins between 12 and 16 years
• Body Proportions

  • Leg growth accounts for 66% increase in height
  • Improvement in posture
• Brains

  • Brain growth slows down
  • Essentially complete by age 10 or 12
• Teeth - Permanent teeth except for 2nd and 3rd molars set in by age 11 or 12
• Body Size - Male size and female size are comparable until age 9-10 when girls begin to grow rapidly
• Foot size -The increase in foot size is an initial indication of onset of growth spurt
• Muscle and Fat

  • Boys have more muscle tissues than girls
  • Both sexes double their strength
  • Muscles are still prone to injury because of their immaturity.
• Vision

  • 20/20 between ages 9 and 11
  • Colorblindness more common among males
• Hearing

  • Otitis media (luga sa ears)
• Skeleton - Bone growth is concentrated in legs, arms and face
• Other Internal Systems

  • GIT achieves maturity and greater stomach capacity
  • Lungs capacity increases
  • Bowel and bladder control well established
• Gross Motor

  • Previously learned motor skills further improve
  • Strength, speed and accuracy improves
  • Able to perform complex tasks
• Fine Motor

  • Improved dexterity and eye-hand coordination
  • Dexterity - Kaya na mag board games, puzzle, writing skills should not be wobbly 
  • Writing skills emerge
• Language and Cognitive Skills

  • Express thoughts and use language
  • Starts with understanding concepts of size, shape, distance
  • Able to hypothesize and solve problems
• Social and Emotional Skills

  • Three contexts - home, school and neighborhood
  • Have very active imaginations and have tendency to exaggerate thoughts and ideas
  • Group identification and interest in team games
• Children's Food and Meal Pattern

  • Increase in food intake and accepts a variety of foods
  • Rejection of vegetables and mixed dishes
  • Accept raw vegetables more readily than cooked ones in limited amount
  • Sweetness and familiarity are factors that influence food preferences in all children
  • It is difficult to get them to take time to eat.
  • Skipping breakfast
  • The evening meal provides an opportunity for family interaction and socialization
• Fluids - 4 to 6 glasses or 1 - 1 1/2 liters per day
• Energy - TER is determined by his age, basal metabolism and activity

  • 1600 kcal (males) 1470 kcal (females) 6-9 years old
• Protein - Higher requirement for rapid growth and slower during slower growth

  • 30 g (males) 29 g (females) 6-9 years old
• Fat- soluble Vitamins - Vitamin A allowance to prevent the high incidence of Vitamin A deficiency

  • 400 ug RE (both) 6-9 years old
• Water-soluble Vitamins - Vitamin C active in the formation and maintenance of intercellular material

  • 45 mg (both) 6-9 years old
• Electrolytes for regulating the water balance of the body
• Calcium and Phosphorus are co-factor in proteins, regulating muscle function, blood clotting and cellular energy expenditures

  • 700 mg (both) and 500 mg (both) 6-9 years old
• Fe for oxygen transport

  • 10 mg (males) 9 mg (females) 6-9 years old
• Zinc is for protein synthesis, growth and sexual maturation

  • 5.1 mg (males) 5 mg (females) 6-9 years old
• How to meet food allowances of school child

  • Make available ample amount of foods Variety of foods offered in amounts sufficient to satisfy appetite
  • Incorporate milk in other foods
  • Provide well planned home packed lunches which should furnish 1/3 of the requirements
  • Provide nutritious snack foods
• Packed Lunch

  • Plan foods that can be fitted in a lunch pack; avoid saucy or soupy foods
  • Finger food is common
  • Limit the choice of food to those that will maintain their palatability regardless of their being served cold and wrapped for sometime
  • Choose fresh vegetables, fresh fruits for desserts
  • Vary the viand or dish from day to day
  • Include milk or juice with proper container
• Feeding Problems of SAC

  Inadequate Meals- Skipping breakfast and Lunch Swapping

  Recommendations

  • Allow sufficient time for meals
  • Preparing nutritious meal and appetizing and easy to eat; give variety of meals daily
• Feeding Problems of SAC

  Poor Appetite - Too many activities

  Recommendation

  • Balance class work, play and rest
• Feeding Problems of SAC

  Sweet Tooth - Satisfy body's need for extra calories

  Recommendation

  • Sweets should not be taken in close to mealtime
  • Take oral hygienic measure to avoid settling in of sugars in the mouth
• Feeding Problems of SAC

  Dental Carries - Sucrose ; most cariogenic sugar

  Recommendations

  • Decrease consumption od sucrose- containning foods
  • Use of fluride
  • Diet control
• Signs of Good Nutrition

  • Well developed body with normal weight for height
  • BMI for age na ang gamit 
  • Weight for length - 1 to 5 y/o 
  • Firm and well-developed muscles
  • Good posture
  • Healthy skin, no lesions and dyspigmentation
  • Smooth and glossy hair
  • Clear eyes and sound sleep
  • Alert facial expression and good disposition
• AMDR DISTRIBUTION

  0-5 months

  CHO: 35-55

  Protein: 5

  Fat: 40-60