3.2 Graphical modelling

• Sketching to formal drawing

  Graphical models are 2D representations and communications of an idea. Sketching serves as a way quickly explore a number of possibilities, and then communicate these to users, clients, or their design team. As the design becomes more refined, they may switch to isometric and orthographic drawings to create a higher fidelity model that could be used to communicate information about size, scale, etc.
• 2D graphical models

  It represent detail, proportion, measurements, and relationships.

  These can be considered "flat views" of an object.

  Orthographic drawings show all the details and dimensions of an object, and are typically produced at a high level of fidelity (detail).
• 3D graphical models 


  It show how design might look. Their purpose is to communicate a sense of proportion, scale, and aesthetics. 3D graphical models can take several forms depending on their function.
• Both 2D and 3D graphical models typically include annotations in the drawing. Annotations are used to


  • record thoughts about features of a design
  • clarify function, material, or purpose of features
  • identify possible areas for improvement

  It is expected that your sketches include annotations
• Range of drawings to communicate a 3D view of an object

  • Orthographic Drawings
  • Isometric Drawings
  • Part and assembly drawings
• Orthographic drawings

  It show the "side" of an object.

  Features

  • show the "side" of a product
  • no vanishing point or perspective
  •  accurate representation of form

  Application:

  • used in planning drawings to communicate dimensions, form, and shape
  • Communicate detailed and accurate information for manufacturing

  
• Isometric drawings 

  It show the shape and form of an object. 

  Features

  • do not have vanishing points (compare with perspective drawings below)
  •  drawn on a 30/90/30 degree grid.

  Application

  • Used to communicate the overall form of a product

  
• Part and assembly drawing


  Exploded isometric drawings show how an object with more than one component might be assembled. Parts are depicted in the order of how they are assembled.

  It shows how an object may be assembled. They may be shown as an exploded isometric drawing. Their primary purpose is to communicate the sequence of assembling a project.

  It includes the names and numbers of parts, as well as bill of materials (BOM).