L8 Carbohydrate Metabolism

• classification of carbohydrate

  A) Poly

  B) Di

  C) Mono

  D) Sucrose

  E) Lactose

  F) Maltose

  G) Starch

  H) Cellulose

  
• overview of carbohydrate metabolism

  A) Glycogenesis

  B) Glycogenolysis

  C) Glycolysis

  D) Gluconeogenesis

  E) Anaerobic

  F) Aerobic

  G) Lipogenesis

  H) Glucose

  I) Glycogen

  
• glycogenesis is the synthesis of glycogen from glucose
• glycogenolysis is the breakdown of glycogen to release glucose into bloodstream
• gluconeogenesis is the formation of new glucose molecules from non-carbohydrates sources such as amino acids, lactate or fatty acid
• Glycolysis is a breakdown of glucose to pyruvate
• Metabolic Fate of Pyruvate

  A) cytosol

  B) mitochondria

  C) lactate

  D) pyruvate

  E) reversible

  F) irreversible

  
• Acetyl CoA is derived from 3 sources:

  1)Carbohydrate through glycolysis

  2) Fats through fatty acids oxidation

  3) Protein through proteolysis
• Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP)

  -Production of pentose: nucleotide & amino acid synthesis

  Production of NADPH: reductive biosynthesis reactions e.g fatty acids synthesis
• glycogen metabolism

  A) Glycogenesis

  B) Glygenolysis

  C) anabolic

  D) catabolic

  E) synthase

  F) phosphorylase

  
• Steps in Glycogenesis

  -activation of glucose

  -initiation

  -elongation

  -glycogen branching
• Gluconeogenesis


  -Occurs primarily in the liver (fasting state), minor in kidney (starvation state)