Cells

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Created by
Reese casas

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Cards (30)

  • Cells are busy performing cell processes all the time: active transport of many substances needed for their survival, for example
  • ATP

    Adenosine triphosphate, the energy currency of cells
  • Cells have to make ATP, it doesn't really matter what kind of cell you are - prokaryote or eukaryote
  • Aerobic cellular respiration

    One way cells can make ATP
  • Mitochondria are going to be kind of a big deal in this aerobic cellular respiration, because some of the process occurs in the mitochondria
  • Aerobic cellular respiration equation
    Reactants (inputs) are on the left side of the arrow, products (outputs) are on the right side of the arrow
  • Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

    Have substances in common, but are not simply opposites
  • Germinating bean seeds rely on stored glucose and do cellular respiration to make ATP for growth, before they can do photosynthesis
  • Plants can do both photosynthesis and cellular respiration
  • Non-photosynthetic organisms like humans and amoebas have to find a food source to get glucose for cellular respiration
  • Glycolysis

    Takes place in the cytoplasm, does not require oxygen, converts glucose to pyruvate, produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH
  • Pyruvate oxidation

    Pyruvate is transported into the mitochondrial matrix, converted to 2 acetyl CoA, releases carbon dioxide and produces 2 NADH
  • Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
    Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix, aerobic process, produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2
  • Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
    Occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane, requires oxygen, uses NADH and FADH2 to generate a proton gradient, protons flow through ATP synthase to produce ATP
  • The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis step makes a lot more ATP compared to the other two previous steps
  • The number of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule can vary depending on factors like the proton gradient, estimates range from 30-38 net ATP
  • If there's no oxygen available, some cells can perform fermentation to make ATP
  • Cyanide can block a step in the electron transport chain, preventing ATP production, which can be deadly
  • There is a demand for increased research on mitochondrial diseases due to the important role of mitochondria in ATP production