Bandura

• Social Learning Theory


  Theory that emphasizes the importance of observational learning, modeling, and imitation in the development of behavior
• Albert Bandura


  Psychologist who developed Social Learning Theory
• Social Learning Theory proposes that people learn largely through observation, imitation, and modeling
• People learn not only by being rewarded or punished, but they can also learn from watching someone else being rewarded or punished
• Social Learning Theory


  • Emphasizes the importance of observational learning, modeling, and imitation in the development of behavior
  • People learn by observing the behavior of others, and the consequences that follow that behavior
• Observational Learning

  Individuals learn by observing others and the consequences of their behavior
• Modeling


  People imitate or model the behavior of others, particularly those they perceive as having status, power, or expertise
• Reinforcement


  People are more likely to repeat behaviors that have been reinforced (rewarded) in some way, and less likely to repeat behaviors that have been punished or ignored
• Self-efficacy


  A person's belief in their ability to successfully complete a task or achieve a goal
• Bandura believed that self-efficacy plays a significant role in learning and behavior change
• Bobo Doll Experiment

  Series of experiments performed by Albert Bandura to test his social learning theory, involving children's behavior after watching an adult model act aggressively towards a Bobo doll
• 4 stages of social learning theory

  1. Attention

  2. Retention

  3. Motor Reproduction

  4. Motivation
• Attention

  Attentional processes are crucial because mere exposure to a model doesn't ensure that observers will pay attention. The model must capture the observer's interest, and the observer must deem the model's behavior worth imitating.
• Retention


  Individuals must save the observed behaviors in symbolic forms, actively organizing them into easily recalled templates. How well the behavior is remembered.
• Motor Reproduction


  The ability to perform the behavior that the model has just demonstrated. Our physical ability limits us, so even if we wish to reproduce the behavior, we sometimes cannot.
• Motivation


  The will to perform the behavior. The observer will consider the rewards and punishments that follow a behavior. If the perceived rewards outweigh the perceived costs, the observer will more likely imitate the behavior.
• Self-Efficacy Theory


  People are likely to engage in activities to the extent that they perceive themselves to be competent
• 4 sources of self-efficacy

  • Performance Accomplishments
  • Vicarious Experience
  • Social Persuasion
  • Physiological and Emotional States
• Self-efficacy theory emphasizes the importance of the individual and the individual's perceptions of his/her personal capabilities as key determinants of successful outcomes