Chapter 1-Lesson 1 Chapter 1 Macro Skills

• Macro skills in language learning

  • Listening
  • Speaking
  • Reading
  • Writing
• Listening


  Comprehending spoken language, understanding conversations, lectures, and audio materials
• Speaking


  Articulating thoughts coherently, utilizing accurate vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation
• Reading


  Understanding written text, extracting meaning from words and sentences, and engaging with various written materials
• Writing


  Composing organized and meaningful written content, utilizing proper grammar, vocabulary, and structure
• These skills are interrelated, collectively forming the foundation for language proficiency and effective communication
• Strengthening these macro skills enhances overall linguistic competence, enabling individuals to engage confidently in diverse linguistic interactions
• Speaking

  • Speaking is the active process of expressing thoughts, ideas, and emotions through verbal communication.
  • It involves using language skills, pronunciation, intonation, and body language to convey messages effectively.
  • Effective speaking fosters clear communication, promotes engagement, and builds connections with others.

  Functions of Speaking

  • INTERACTION  ----- TRANSACTION ------ PERFORMANCE
• Speaking

  • Speaking is the active process of expressing thoughts, ideas, and emotions through verbal communication.
  • It involves using language skills, pronunciation, intonation, and body language to convey messages effectively.
  • Effective speaking fosters clear communication, promotes engagement, and builds connections with others.

  Functions of Speaking

  • INTERACTION  ----- TRANSACTION ------ PERFORMANCE
• Reading

  • Reading is the process of understanding written language and extracting meaning from text.
  • It involves decoding symbols, comprehending words and sentences, and interpreting the content.
  • Effective reading enhances knowledge acquisition, critical thinking, and language comprehension.
• Brown (1989) suggested the category as outlined below;

  1. Oral Reading
  2. Silent Reading

  I. Intensive Reading

  linguistic

  b. context

  II. Extensive

  1. skimming

  b. scanning

  c. global
• Writing

  • Writing is the process of composing and expressing thoughts, ideas, and information through written language.
  • It involves organizing thoughts logically, selecting appropriate vocabulary, and using proper grammar.
  • Effective writing facilitates clear communication, documentation, and sharing of knowledge.
• Viewing

  • Viewing refers to the process of comprehending and interpreting visual or audiovisual content, such as images, videos, and multimedia presentations.
  • It involves analyzing visual cues, gestures, facial expressions, and audio elements to derive meaning.
  • Effective viewing enhances understanding of visual information, promotes critical thinking, and contributes to media literacy.

  Types of Viewing

  • Visual Literacy ------  Critical Viewing
• Communicative Competence

  • Communicative competence refers to the ability to use language effectively and appropriately in various social and cultural contexts.
  • It goes beyond grammar and vocabulary, encompassing the skills needed to convey meaning, understand others, and navigate different communication situations.
• Components of Communicative Competence

  Grammatical Competence: Understanding and applying the rules of grammar and syntax.

  Sociolinguistic Competence: Knowing how to use language appropriately in different social and cultural settings.

  Discourse Competence: Structuring language effectively in conversations, narratives, and longer texts.

  Strategic Competence: Using strategies to overcome communication barriers, such as rephrasing or asking for clarification.
• Importance of Communicative Competence

  • Facilitates effective communication by considering linguistic and cultural nuances.
  • Enhances understanding, avoids misunderstandings, and fosters smoother interactions.
  • Empowers individuals to adapt their language use based on the situation and audience.