June

• Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act

  1. Establishment of ISOs and Joint Services Commands

  2. Empowerment of Commanders-in-Chief and Officers-in-Command with extensive control over military personnel

  3. Central government supervision to align military operations with national defense policies
• Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act


  • Ensures efficient decision-making and operational coordination across all military branches
  • Maintains ultimate control over military operations to safeguard national interests
  • Specifies qualifications for leadership roles to maintain high standards within ISOs
  • Aims to enhance coordination and understanding between the services
  • Retains the unique identities and doctrines of each military branch while centralizing command
  • Promotes quicker resolution of disciplinary and administrative matters
• The Inter-Services Organisations (Command, Control and Discipline) Act has been notified through a Gazette Notification to be enforced with effect from May 10, 2024
• The bill was passed by both the Houses of Parliament during the Monsoon Session of 2023 and received the assent of the President on August 15, 2023
• Commanders-in-Chief and Officers-in-Command


  Military personnel empowered with extensive control over service personnel serving under them, for effective maintenance of discipline and administration, without disturbing the unique service conditions of each individual Service
• Prior to this act, the Indian military operated under separate legal frameworks for each branch (Army, Navy, Air Force)


  This led to operational inefficiencies, especially in joint operations
• The ISOs Act was introduced to address these inefficiencies and align the Indian military's operational structure with modern warfare demands
• Personality rights


  Rights of an individual to control the commercial use of their identity, which includes their name, image, likeness, voice, and other personal attributes
• Personality rights


  Protect individuals from unauthorized exploitation and ensure their persona is not used for commercial gain without consent
• Personality rights


  • Include name, voice, signature, images, or any other feature easily identified by the public as markers of a celebrity's personality
  • Could include poses, mannerisms, or any other distinct aspect of their public persona
• Actors such as Rajinikanth, Anil Kapoor and Jackie Shroff have approached the courts over "personality rights"
• Personality rights


  A subset of "celebrity rights" claimed by celebrities
• The right to privacy is protected under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution, which guarantees the right to life and personal liberty
• The landmark case of Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) vs. Union of India elevated privacy to the status of a fundamental right, thereby providing a constitutional basis for personality rights
• Copyright Act, 1957

  Section 14 provides moral rights to authors and performers, which include the right to claim authorship and to object to any distortion, mutilation or other modification of their work
• The 2024 Indian General Election was held from April 19 to June 1, 2024, to elect members of the 18th Lok Sabha
• The voter turnout was remarkably high, with 642 million voters participating, including a significant increase in women's participation, making it the highest ever
• Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)


  Won 240 seats, down from 303 seats in the 2019 elections, necessitating coalition support to form the government
• National Democratic Alliance (NDA)


  Led by BJP, secured a total of 293 seats in the 543-member Lok Sabha
• Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance (INDIA)


  The opposition coalition, led by the Indian National Congress (INC), secured 234 seats, with the Congress winning 99 seats
• NDA Coalition


  Due to falling short of a majority, BJP formed a coalition government with key allies, including the Telugu Desam Party (TDP) and Janata Dal (United) (JD(U))
• Leadership

  Narendra Modi was re-elected as the leader of the NDA, setting the stage for his third consecutive term as Prime Minister
• For the first time since 1962, a government has been re-elected for a third consecutive term after a decade in power
• Coalition government


  Forms when multiple political parties collaborate to establish and run a government, usually agreeing on a joint program
• Narendra Modi will begin his third term as Prime Minister, becoming the second person after Jawaharlal Nehru to achieve this milestone
• India elected 74 female Members of Parliament (MPs) to the Lok Sabha, which is a decrease of four from the 2019 elections but an increase of 52 compared to the first elections held in 1952
• These 74 women constitute 13.63% of the total elected members in the Lower House, which contrasts with higher percentages in other countries such as 46% in South Africa, 35% in the UK, and 29% in the US
• The Election Commission of India (ECI) enforces the Model Code of Conduct to ensure fair elections
• Powers of the Election Commission of India

  • Superintendence, Direction, and Control of Elections
  • Code of Conduct Enforcement
  • Advisory Jurisdiction and Quasi-Judicial Functions
  • Election Scheduling
• Criteria for Recognition as a National Party

  Secure at least 6% of the valid votes polled in any four or more states at a general election to the Lok Sabha or state legislative assembly and, in addition, win at least four seats in the Lok Sabha from any state or states<|>Alternatively, win 2% of seats in the Lok Sabha (11 seats in the 2021 Lok Sabha) from at least three different states
• Criteria for Recognition as a State Party

  Secure at least 6% of the valid votes polled during a general election to the legislative assembly of the state and win at least two seats in that assembly<|>Win at least 3% of the total number of seats or a minimum of three seats, whichever is more, in the legislative assembly
• Derecognition


  Parties can lose their recognized status based on their performance in subsequent elections if they fail to meet these criteria
• The ECI currently does not have explicit powers to deregister a political party once it is recognized
• Legal frameworks governing Political Parties and Elections in India

  • Article 324
  • Article 325
  • Article 326
  • Representation of the People Act, 1950
  • Representation of the People Act, 1951
  • Delimitation Commission Act, 1952
  • Conduct of Elections Rules, 1961
  • Model Code of Conduct
• Rule 66


  Counting of votes
• Rule 92


  Maintenance and custody of ballot boxes after the poll
• Model Code of Conduct


  A set of guidelines issued by the Election Commission that comes into effect from the announcement of the election schedule until the conclusion of elections, governing the conduct of political parties and candidates
• Representation of the People Act, 1950
• Section 3


  Delimitation of Constituencies
• Section 23


  Revision of electoral rolls