3. Kidney Structure and Development Review - Hyland

• left renal vein is longer than right
• Left renal vein crosses midline to reach IVC
• • left gonadal vein drains into left renal vein - inferiorly
  • left suprarenal vein drains into superior aspect of renal vein
• • renal vein and right gonadal vein drain separately and directly into the IVC.
• urogenital ridge makes both kidney and internal reproductive organs

  • abnormality in reproductive gland will also be accompanied by horseshoe kidney
• Horseshoe kidney - presentation

  • asymptomatic (common)
  • increase rate of UTI
  • hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction construction
  • renal stones
• Horseshoe kidney physical exam - abdominal fullness upon palpation
• polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder that causes many fluid filled cysts to grow in kidney
• PKD can change shape of kidney

  • making them larger
• PKD is a form of chronic kidney disease - it reduces kidney function

  • leading to kidney failure
• PKD is due to mutation of PKD reducing normal level of polycystin

  • that regulate tubular cell function
• PKD lead to cyst formation by

  • cell growth - the cells lining a cyst reproduce themselves more than normal kidney
  • fluid secretion - the lining cell secrete fluid into empty sac which expands the cyst
  • without fluid secretion a cyst would collapse
• hydronephrosis - upper urinary tract dilation

  • there is obstruction to the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder
  • result in swelling of kidney