Mitosis

• Mitosis

  A type of cell division done by most of your body's cells and is important for cells to divide
• Cells do not divide all the time as that would be considered cancer (uncontrolled cell growth)
• Mitosis

  • Produces body cells (identical cells; e.g. skin cells and stomach cells)
  • Retains the original chromosome number during cell division (46 chromosomes; only chromatids add up from 46 to 92)
  • One mother cell (2n) produces two daughter cells (2n)
  • The daughter cells are somatic cells necessary for growth
• Interphase


  Part of the cell cycle (90% interphase, 10% mitosis) where cells grow, replicate their DNA (in chromosomes along with protein which is in nuclei; 46 chromosomes in each nucleus) and carry out its daily cell functions
• Mitosis stages of division (PMAT)

  1. Prophase

  2. Metaphase

  3. Anaphase

  4. Telophase
• Prophase

  • The beginning step where the nucleus is still there but will go away later on
  • Chromosomes are visible as they are condensing (thickening and visible)
• Metaphase

  • Chromosomes are now shorter and thicker and line up in the middle of the cell (at the equatorial plate and the middle plane of the cell)
  • The nucleus has been disassembled
• Anaphase

  • The chromosomes move away, cut into chromatids and moving to opposite sides of the cell towards the poles of the cell
  • Moved by spindles (fibers that help move the chromatids to the ends)
  • Characterized by sister chromatids move to the opposite ends of the cell
  • Chromosome number is considered as double
• Telophase

  • Occurs when chromosomes (in the form of chromatids) uncoil and lengthen after reaching the ends of the cell
  • Nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappear
  • Cytokinesis takes place
  • Two daughter cells are formed
  • The chromosomes are at the complete opposite ends and new nuclei are forming on each side to make two new cells
  • The nuclei are starting to surround the chromosomes on both sides
• Cytokinesis

  Responsible for the final separation into two cells (diploids) by splitting the cytoplasm, completes after the PMAT mitosis stages
• The end goal of mitosis is two cells, each having 46 identical chromosomes (in the human body)
• Mitosis

  A) Telophase

  B) Interphase

  C) Anaphase