CONNECCTIVE TISSUE

• connective tissue- It bind structures together,

  form a framework and support

  for organs and the body as a

  whole, store fat, transport

  substances, protect against

  disease, and help repair tissue

  damage
• connective tissue- It is characterized by an

  abundance of intercellular

  matrix with relatively few

  cells.
• connective tissue- Able to reproduce but not as

  rapidly as epithelial cells.
• Most connective tissues have a

  good blood supply but some do

  not.
• Ground substance- is the shapeless

  background against which cells and

  collagen fibers can be seen when using

  a light microscope
• Connective tissue cells are named

  according to their functions. Cells

  whose names contain the suffix -blast

  (germ) produce the matrix; cells

  ending in -cyte (cell) maintain it; and

  cells ending in -clast (break) break it

  down for remodeling
• extracellular matrix includes:

  A) protien fibers

  B) ground substance

  C) fluid

  
• TYPES OF PROTEIN FIBERS: collagen fibers, reticular fibers and elastic fibers.
• COLLAGEN FIBERS- are a glue producing fibers, which resemble microscopic ropes, are flexible but resist stretching.
• RETICULAR FIBERS- are very fine, short collagen fibers that branch to form a supporting network
• ELASTIC FIBERS- are able to recoil themselves after being stretched
• Also found in connective tissue are cells associated with the immune

  system such as macrophages and mast cells
• Macrophages- Able to move around, Ingest foreign substances

  Mast Cells- Stay in place, Releases histamine
• Most connective tissues are well vascularized except for tendons and

  ligaments which have a poor blood supply, and cartilages are avascular
• connective tissue- Made up of many different types of cells plus varying amounts of a nonliving substance found outside the cells, called the extracellular matrix
• FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE:

  • ENCLOSING AND SEPARATING OTHER TISSUES.
  • CONNECTING TISSUES TO ONE ANOTHER.
  • SUPPORTING AND MOVING PARTS OF THE BODY.
  • STORING COMPOUNDS
  • CUSHIONING AND INSULATING
• Connective tissue performs the following major functions: ENCLOSING AND SEPARATING OTHER TISSUES- Sheets of connective tissue form capsules around organs, such as the liver and the kidneys. Connective tissue also forms layers that separate tissues and organs.
• WHAT FUNCTION OF TISSUE THIS BELONG? Ex. connective tissues separate muscles, arteries, veins, and

  nerves from one another.
• Connective tissue performs the following major functions: CONNECTING TISSUES TO ONE ANOTHER- Tendons are strong cables, or bands, of connective tissue that attach muscles to bone, and ligaments are connective tissue bands that hold bones together.
• Connective tissue performs the following major functions: SUPPORTING AND MOVING PARTS OF THE BODY- Bones of the skeletal system provide rigid support for the body, and semirigid cartilage supports structures, such as the nose, the ears, and the surfaces of joints. Joints between bones allow one part of the body to move relative to other parts.
• Connective tissue performs the following major functions: STORING COMPOUNDS- Adipose tissue (fat) stores high-energy

  molecules, and bones store minerals, such as calcium and phosphate
• Connective tissue performs the following major functions: CUSHIONING AND INSULATING- Adipose tissue cushions and protects the tissues it surrounds and provides an insulating layer beneath the skin that helps conserve heat
• CLASIFICATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE INCLUDES: CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER, SUPPORTING CONNECTIVE TISSUE, AND FLUID CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• UNDER THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER WE HAVE THE: loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue
• under the loose connective tissue we have: aerolar, adipose, and reticular.
• under the dense connective tissue we have: dense regular collagenous and dense regular elastic
• under the supporting connective tissue we have: cartilage and bone
• under the cartilage we have: hyaline, fibrocartilage and elastic
• under the bone we have: spongy and compact
• under the fluid connective tissue we have: blood and hematopoietic tissue
• under the Hematopoietic tissue we have: Red marrow and Yellow marrow
• the Aerolar in loose connective tissue Has extracellular matrix

  consisting mostly of collagen fibers and a few elastic fibers.

  “Loose packing” material of most organs and other tissues;

  LOCATION: Widely distributed throughout the body
• The ADIPOSE in loose connective tissue- Contain large amounts of lipid

  for energy storage. It Pads and protects parts of the body and acts as a thermal insulator.

  LOCATION: predominantly in subcutaneous areas, mesenteries, mammary glands
• The RETICULAR in loose connective tissue- Forms the stroma (bed/

  mattress) of lymphatic tissues

  LOCATION: spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and liver
• The DENSE REGULAR COLLAGENOUS in dense connective tissue-Composed of collagen tissues that are closely arranged to

  one another.

  • LOCATION: tendons, ligament, dermis of the skin, and outer layer of many blood vessels
  • Withstand great pulling forces due to great tensile strength and stretch resistance
• The DENSE REGULAR ELASTIC in dense connective tissue- Capable of stretching and recoiling.

  LOCATION: blood vessel walls, vocal cords, ligaments between the vertebrae
• The CARTILAGE in supporting connective tissue is SEMI-SOLID MATRIX
• The HYALINE under the cartilage in supporting connective tissue-

  • Covers the ends of bones where they come together to form

  joints.

  • LOCATION: Cartilage rings in the trachea, costal cartilage
  • Forms smooth, resilient surfaces that can withstand repeated compression
• The FIBROCARTILAGE under the cartilage in supporting connective tissue is

  • In addition to withstanding compression, it is able to resist

  pulling or tearing forces.

  • LOCATION: Disk between the vertebra, knees, and temporomandibular joints.
  • Forms smooth, resilient surfaces that can withstand repeated compression.
• The ELASTIC under the cartilage in supporting connective tissue-

  • Elastic cartilage is able to recoil to its original shape when bent.
  • LOCATION: External ear, epiglottis, and auditory tube
  • Forms smooth, resilient surfaces that can withstand repeated compression