1.1 Respiratory and Circulatory Systems

• Respiratory System

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  • also called as pulmonary system, consist of several organs that function as a whole to oxygenate the body through the process of respiration.
• Respiration (Breathing)

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  • the process by which organisms exchanges gases, especially oxygen and carbon dioxide, with the environment.
• Oxygen (good air)

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  • is a colourless, odorless, tasteless gas essential to living organisms
• Carbon Dioxide (bad air)

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  • a waste product that your body makes when it uses food energy.
• Functions of Respiratory System

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  • Gas Exchange

  • Breathing

  • Sound Production

  • Olfactory Assistance

  • Protection
• 7 main parts of Respiratory System

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  • Nose

  • Mouth

  • Throat (pharynx)

  • Voice box (larynx)

  • Windpipe (trachea)

  • Airways (bronchi)

  • Lungs
• Nose

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  • the part of the face or head that contains nostrils and filters air to breath.
• Mouth

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  • is an oval-shaped cavity inside the skull.
• Pharynx (throat)

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  • is a muscular tube in the middle of your neck.
• Larynx (voice box)

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  • is a hollow tube in the middle of your neck, just above your trachea (windpipe) and esophagus
• Bronchi (airways)

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  • are the large tubes that connect to your trachea and direct the air your breath to your right and left lungs.
• Lungs

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  • are the pair of organs in the chest that supplies the body with oxygen, and removes carbon dioxide from the body.
• Alveoli

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  • tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles
• Diaphragm

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  • is a muscle that helps you breathe.
• Inhaling

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  • the process of breathing in air.
• Exhaling

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  • the process of breathing out air.
• Diseases Affecting the Respiratory System

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  • Halitosis (bad breath)

  • Asthma

  • Bronchitis

  • Emphysema

  • Pneumonia
• Circulatory System

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  • also known as cardiovascular system is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body
• Functions of Circulatory System

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  • Transport Materials

  • Regulation of Temperature

  • Removal of waste products

  • Fighting Diseases
• Major Parts of Circulatory System

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  • Heart

  • Blood

  • Blood Vessel
• Blood Vessels

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  • resemble as very long and skinny tunnels that are all through your body.
• 3 Types of Blood Vessels

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  • Arteries

  • Capillaries

  • Veins
• Artery

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  • carries away oxygenated blood from the heart.
• Vein

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  • carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart.
• Capillary

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  • link of Arteries and Veins. A collection of capillaries is known as capillary bed.
• Blood

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  • responsible for transporting various essential elements such as oxygen and other nutrients throughout the body.
• Red Blood Cells

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  • also known as Erythrocytes, are anucleate biconcave cells, filled with hemeglobin, that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide between lungs and tissues.
• White Blood Cells

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  • also known as Leucocytes, are responsible for protecting your body from infection.
• Platelets

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  • also known as Thrombocytes, the small, colorless cell fragments in our blood, produce tiny fibrinogen fibres that form clots and stops or prevent bleeding.
• Plasma

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  • the largest part of your blood and makes up more than half (about 55%) of its overall content.
• Heart

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  • muscular organ about the size of a fist, that is responsible for pumping blood through the blood vessels.
• Parts of the Heart

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  • Superior Vena Cava

  • Right Atrium

  • Tricuspid Valve

  • Right Ventricle

  • Pulmonary Arteries

  • Pulmonary Veins

  • Left Atrium

  • Mitral Valve

  • Left Ventricle

  • Aorta

  • Inferior Vena Cava
• Vena Cava

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  • carries blood from the head, neck, arms and chest.
• Right Atrium

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  • receives oxygen-poor blood from the body and pumps it to the right ventricle.
• Tricuspid Valve

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  • control the flow of oxygen-deplated blood from the body to the lungs.
• Right Ventricle

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  • pumps blood low in oxygen to the lungs.
• Pulmonary Arteries

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  • carry blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
• Pulmonary Veins

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  • are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood from your lungs to your heart.
• Left Atrium

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  • receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and pumps it into left ventricle
• Mitral Valve

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  • control the flow of oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the body.