CTPS

• Problem


  A question to be considered, solved or answered<|>A situation, matter or person that presents a perplexity or difficulty<|>A misgiving, objection or complaint
• Tudor Rickards: 'The problem is what people have when they want something and don't know how to get it'
• Problem


  A situation that we regard as unacceptable
• Issue


  A matter about which intelligent and informed people disagree to some extent
• Solving a problem


  Deciding what action will change the situation for the better
• Resolving issues


  Deciding what belief or viewpoint is the most reasonable
• Expressing a problem


  Using the question "How can...?"
• Expressing an issue


  Using questions like "Is...?", "Does...?", "Should...?"
• The problem that has been formed can be a controversial issue
• The problem that has occurred or is formed (or solutions to a problem) may be expressed in serious disagreement
• A good thinker will be sensitive to the implications of both their question and statements contained in it
• When there is an issue raised from questions and statements, a wise action should be taken immediately
• Guidelines for expressing problems and issues

  1. Identify the challenge

  2. Express the problem or issue

  3. Refine your expression
• Benefits of careful expression

  • Helps one think outside the box and beyond familiarity
  • Keeps thinking flexible
  • Opens many lines of thought
• Forms of problems


  • Structured problems
  • Unstructured problems
• Structured problems


  Straightforward and clear<|>Repetitive that can be handled by a routine approach
• Unstructured problems


  New or unusual with ambiguous or incomplete information<|>Need an immediate solution
• Identifying problems


  1. What is the problem?

  2. Is this my problem?

  3. How should I solve it? Does it need to be resolved?

  4. Is this a real problem? What are the mistakes of the previous problem solving method?

  5. Does it need an immediate solution?

  6. Will the solution be effective?

  7. What are the risks if the problem is ignored?

  8. Does the problem need any ethical consideration?

  9. Will the solution satisfy everyone?

  10. Will the solution bring about a permanent impact?
• Types of problems


  • Routine
  • Non-routine
  • Wicked
  • Vicious
  • Complex
  • Moral dilemma
  • Unfamiliar
  • Urgent
  • Critical
  • Persistent
  • Interpersonal
  • Management
• Islamic perspective on problems

  Problems come from signs of divine wrath due to sins<|>Problems come as trials and tribulations to test true Muslims
• Many people become managers without having been trained as managers
• Managers are not professional in the real sense of the term, unlike accountants, lawyers and doctors
• Simple problems


  Can be clearly defined<|>Formulation and solution are separate<|>Solutions can be tested<|>Have a closure
• Complex problems


  No definitive formulation as people cannot agree what the problem is<|>Understanding the problem corresponds to solving it<|>No solution is correct or false, only good or bad relative to each other<|>No end to the problem, nature changes with each proposed solution
• Most management problems are complex, not simple