group 1

• Community is not firmly linked to place
• Three sets of ideas about the illusory nature of community in the modern world.

  (1) the notion of community is a fantasy which does not work in the tough world of social reality; 

  (2) community is too inactive to cope with the flows of the world;

  (3) globalization and individualization are totalizing forces in the modern world that make all other forms of social organization gradually weaker and less effective
• • Community Development takes on the mantle of Developing stronger “communities” of people and the social and psychological ties they share.
• Other authors define Community Development more in terms of an action, result,or outcome:
• Process: Taking Collective Action

  Outcome: The result of that action for improvement in a community in any or all realms: physical, environmental, cultural, social, political, and economic.
• CD refer to this as social capital or social capacity
• Bonding capital refers to ties within homogenous groups
• Bridging capital refers to ties among different groups.
• 7 forms of Community Capital According to Lionel J. 2014

  Natural

  Cultural

  Human

  Social

  Political

  Financial

  Built
• Four forms of Community Capital (according to Green and Haines 2002)

  Human Capital

  Physical Capital

  Financial Capital

  Environmental Capital
• Economic

  A social science that focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
• • The study of economics is primarily concerned with analyzing the choices that individuals, businesses, governments, and nations make to allocate limited resources.
• Economic Development

  • process of creating wealth through the mobilization of human, financial, capital, physical and natural resources to generate marketable goods and services.
• The Economic Developer's role

  • is to influence the process for the benefit of the community through expanding job opportunities and tax base
• Job creation generally involves the "three-legged stool"
• If an expansion is not involved, some businesses may relocate their operations to other areas for "pull" or "push" reasons
• Economic growth

  • is an increase in the production of goods and services in an economy.
• • Economic growth is commonly measured in terms of the increase in aggregate market value of additional goods and services produced, using estimates such as GDP.
• Measurement of Economic

  The most common measure of economic growth is the real GDP
• Measurement of Economic

  Quarterly growth at an annual rate

  Four-quarter or year-over-year growth rate

  Annual average growth rate
• Development implies structural change and improvements within community systems encompassing both economic change and the functioning of institutions and organizations
• Growth on the other hand, focuses on the quantitative aspects of more jobs, facilities construction, and so on within the context that more is better.
• CD is to produce assets that may be used to improve the community
• CD is a planned effort to produce assets that increase the capacity of residents to improve their quality of life
• • ED the process of creating wealth through the mobilization of human, financial, capital, physical and natural resources to generate marketable goods and services.