margaret jean watsons

• Disease

  Can be cured, but illness would remain because without caring, health is not fully attained
• Ten Caritas Processes

  • Cultivating the practice of loving kindness and equanimity toward Self and Other as Foundational to Caritas Consciousness
  • Being authentically present: enabling, sustaining, and honoring the faith, hope, and deep belief system and the inner-subjective world of self/other
  • Cultivation of one's own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego-self
  • Development and sustaining a helping - trust caring relationship
  • Being present to and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings
  • Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as parts of the caring process; engage in the artistry of caritas nursing
  • Engage in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to unity of being and subjective meaning - attempting to stay within the other's frame of reference
  • Creating a healing environment at all levels
  • Administering sacred nursing acts of caring
  • Opening and attending to spiritual/mysterious and existential unknowns of life-death
• Lower-order biophysical explained needs

  • The need for food and fluid
  • The need for elimination
  • The need for ventilation
  • The need for sexuality
• Higher order needs

  • The need for achievement
  • The need for affiliation
  • The need for self-actualization
• 10 Carative Factors

  • "The formation of humanistic-altruistic system of values"
  • "The instillation of faith-hope"
  • "The cultivation of sensitivity to one's self and others"
  • "Development of a helping-trust relationship" became "development of helping-trusting, human caring relation"
  • "The promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings"
  • "The systematic use of the scientific problem-solving metho for decision making" became "systematic use of a creative problem solving caring process"
  • "the promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning"
  • "the provision of the supportive, protective, and (or) corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment
  • "The assistance with the gratification of human needs"
  • "the allowance for existential-phenomenological forces" became "allowance for existential-phenomenological spiritual forces"
• Nursing


  A human science of people and human-illness experiences, caring and curing
• Personhood (Human Being)

  Recipient(s) of care
• Health

  Unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul, with 3 elements: a high level of overall physical, mental, and social functioning; a general adaptive-maintenance level of daily functioning; and absence of illness (or the presence of efforts that lead to its absence)
• Environment

  Internal and external factors, attending to supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environments
• Practices for which nurses can apply the Theory of Human Caring

  • Embrace
  • Inspire
  • Trust
  • Nurture
  • Forgive
  • Deepen
  • Balance
  • Co-create
  • Minister
  • Open