dorothea orem

• Self-Care Deficit Theory


  Focuses on each individual's ability to perform self-care
• Major Concepts

  • Nursing = gives specialized assistance necessary to meet self-care needs
  • Humans = are material object of nurses and others who provide direct care
  • Self-care = performance or practice of activities that individuals initiate
  • Self-care Agency = human's ability or power to engage in self-care and is affected by basic conditioning factors
  • Basic conditioning factors = are age, gender, developmental state, health state, sociocultural orientation, health care system factors, family system factors, and resource adequacy and availability
  • Self-care deficit - delineates when nursing is needed
• Major Assumptions

  • To stay alive and remain functional
  • Exercise to identify needs and to make needed adjustments
  • Mature human beings experience privations in the form of action in care of self and others involving making life-sustaining and function-regulatory actions
  • Human is exercised in discovering, developing, and transmitting to others ways and means to identify needs for, and make inputs into self and others
• Application on Nursing Theory

  • Therapeutic Self-Care Demand = "totality of self-care actions to be performed for some duration in order to meet self-care requisites"
  • Self-care Requisites = action directed towards provision of self-care
  • Universal self-care requisites = common to all, ADL
  • Developmental Self-care Requisites = needs associated with developmental processes
  • Health Deviation Self-Care Requisites = required in conditions of illness, injury, or disease
  • Nursing Agency = complex property or attribute of people educated and trained as nurses
• 5 Methods of Helping

  • Acting for and doing for others
  • Guiding others
  • Supporting others
  • Providing an environment promoting personal development in relation to meet future demands
  • Teaching another
• Theory of Nursing Systems

  • Wholly compensatory system = patient is DEPENDENT
  • Partially Compensatory = patient can meet some needs, both patient and nurse engage in meeting self-care needs
  • Supportive-Educative System = patient can meet self-care needs but needs assistance with decision-making or knowledge and skills to learn self-care