Lesson 1 Vitamins

• Fat soluble vitamins

  A - retinol, carotene, vision, xerophthalmia

  D- calciferol, for K and P, teeth, tetany, rickets, osteo

  E- antioxidant tocopherol, reproductive system, utilization of K

  K- menadione, pytho, phully, prothrombin in blood, clotting
• Water soluble vitamins

  
  

  C - ascorbic acid, infection, no scurvy

  B- short life

  B2- gone when cook

  B1- thiamine, beri beri

  B2- riboflavin, metabolism

  B3- nicotinic/niacin, metabolism

  B5- pantothenic, essential for carbo,

  B6- pyridoxine, tb therapy, neurotransmitter

  B9 folic acid, neural tube defect

  B12 cyanocobalamin, cobalamin, myelin sheath
• Calcium


  99 in bone, 4.5-5.5., strong bones
• Magnesium


  1.5-3.0, body process normal HR, no tooth decay
• Sodium


  chief cat-ion ECF, 135-145, water balance
• Potassium


  chief cat-ion ICF, 3.5-5.5, muscle contraction, BP, important for CHO and CHON
• Phosphorus


  ph regulation, transport lipids, proper bone and teeth
• Sulfur


  making protein, gene, repair DNA
• Chloride


  anion in ECF, gastric, maintain osmotic pressure,

  Alkalosis- excess loss

  Acidosis- excess supply
• Iron


  components of hemoglobin, FSO4 taken with meals with vitamin C juice, prevents simple anemia
• Copper


  for survival, making RBC, Excess: wilsons disease (related brain and liver)
• Iodine


  thyroxine, for thyroid gland
• Manganese


  constituent of Vitamin B1, metabolism of amino acids
• Cobalt


  constituent of B12, pernicious anemia
• Zinc


  antioxidant mineral, help body to use CP, formation of DNA and RNA, male reproductive testosterone, fast wound healing
• Fluoride


  tooth decay
• Selenium


  antioxidant, fight cell damage and malnutrition, Lack: keshans disease
• Chromium


  glucose, metabolism, for CF, impaired action of insulin, low glucose
• Can take

  • Iron + V6
  • VD + Calcium
  • VB12 + folate
  • VD + omega-3s
• Avoid

  • Iron + calcium
• Water


  60-70 in weight

  Deprived: 10 illness, 20 death

  45L in normal adult

  30 L inside cells

  15L outside

  Solvent of digestion

  Carries nutrients into tissues