NI

• Computer

  Referred to as Information Technology<|>Synonymous to NIS, NCA, and NI<|>Used to manage information in patient care, monitor quality of nursing care and evaluate care outcomes<|>With networks are now used in communicating data via the internet, accessing resources and interacting with patients on the World Wide Web (WWW)
• Nursing Informatics


  Refers to integration of nursing, its information and information management with information processing and information technology to support the health of the people worldwide (IMIA, 1998)<|>A specialty that integrates nursing, computer and information science to manage and communicate data, information and knowledge in nursing practice (ANA, 2006)<|>Facilitates the integration of data, information and knowledge to support patients, nurses and other providers in their decision-making in all roles and settings
• Clinical Information System


  Refers to a set of components that form the mechanism by which patient records are created, used, stored, and retrieved and usually located within a healthcare provider setting<|>Includes people, data, rules and procedures, processing, and storage devices, communication and support facilities (IOM, 1991)
• Major Historical Perspective

  1. SIX TIME PERIOD

  2. FOUR MAJOR NURSING AREAS

  3. STANDARD INITIATIVES

  4. SIGNIFICANT LANDMARKS
• Six Time Periods

  • PRIOR TO 1960s: SIMPLE BEGINNINGS
  • 1960s: ISSUES AND NURSING INFORMATICS RESEARCHES
  • 1970s: GIANT LEAP FOR NI
  • 1980s: EMERGENCE OF INFORMATICS FIELD
  • 1990s: AFFIRMATION OF NI AS A SPECIALTY FIELD
  • POST 2000: RAPID GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NI
• Four Major Nursing Areas

  • NURSING PRACTICE
  • NURSING ADMINISTRATION
  • NURSING EDUCATION
  • NURSING RESEARCH
• Standard Initiatives

  • NURSING PRACTICE & EDUCATION STANDARDS
  • NURSING CONTENT STANDARDS
  • CONFIDENTIALITY & SECURITY STANDARDS
  • ANA
  • JCAHO
  • PNA AND BON
  • NURSING DATA STANDARDS
  • CONFIDENTIALITY & SECURIT STANDARDS
• Health Information & Management System Society (HIMSS) was founded


  1961
• 1st Hospital Information System (HIS) at El Camino Hospital


  1965
• First Invitation conference on Management Information Systems (MIS) for public/community health agencies @ Fairfox Virginia

  1973
• First Research: State of the Art Conference on Nursing Information System (NIS), Chicago


  1977
• First Military Conference for Computer, Washington


  1979
• First Workshop, University of Akron, Ohio


  1980
• First National Conference, Bethesda, NIS Journal


  1981
• The National Conference became an ANNUAL EVENT, New Jersey


  1982
• Computers in Nursing: First Nursing Computer Journal


  1984
• Council on Nursing Informatics was formed in New York


  1985
• Graduate Program for NI was introduced (Maryland Univ and Univ of Utah)


  1989
• ANA Congress of Nursing Practice recognizes Nursing Informatics as a specialty area


  1990
• International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP) was initiated

  1991
• ANA recognizes Nursing Informatics as a specialty by delineating the scope of practice


  1992
• Electronic Library goes Online


  1993
• First International Nursing Informatics, Teleconference (Melbourne, Australia)

  1995
• First Harriet Werley Award for best nursing informatics paper


  1996
• Nursing Information and Data Set Evaluation Center (NIDSEC) standards and scoring guidelines published to address documentation of nursing care


  1997
• Nursing Vocabulary Summit Conference Held


  1999
• Canadian Informatics Nurses Association received emerging group from the Canadian Nurses Association


  2001
• JCAHO identified clinical information systems as a way to improve safety and recommended that hospitals adopt technologies HIPAA deadline for electronic transaction standards enacted in October

  2002
• President calls for widespread adaptation of Electronic Health Record (EHR) in 10 years


  2003
• The office of the National Health Information Coordinator established

  2004
• Electronic Health Record


  Composed of Health Information regarding an individual patient that exists as part of a complete system designed to provide access to and management of such information<|>Actively supports CLINICAL CARE by providing a wide variety of information services<|>Bring uncountable advantages in primary health care detaching such as the faster access to information, the updated information, it allows having a clinical process with all the patient clinical information and an easier access to information (ex: allows the simultaneous access from different locations)<|>Recognizable efforts in the development of EHR are distinguished by the Nicholas E. Davis Awards of Excellence Program whose history describes the improvement of EHR in different settings
• Computer-based Patient Record (CPR)


  An electronic patient record that resides in a system designated to support users through the availability of complete and accurate data, practitioner reminders and alerts, clinical decision support systems, links to bodies of medical knowledge, and other aids
• CPRI - Computer Based Patient Record Institute 1992


  Created and given the mission to initiate and coordinate urgently needed activities to develop, deploy, and routinely use CPRs to achieve improved outcomes in healthcare quality, cost and access<|>A unique organization representing all stakeholders in healthcare focusing on clinical applications of information technology<|>It was among the first
• IOM 2 Major Conclusions

  Computer-based Patient Record (CPR) is an essential technology for healthcare and is an integral tool for all professionals<|>Recognized that there was no national coordination or champion for CPRs
• IOM recommended

  Creation of an independent institute to provide national leadership
• CPR


  An electronic patient record that resides in a system designated to support users through the availability of complete and accurate data, practitioner reminders and alerts, clinical decision support systems, links to bodies of medical knowledge, and other aids
• CPRI

  COMPUTER BASED PATIENT RECORD INSTITUTE 1992
• CPRI


  • Created and given the mission to initiate and coordinate urgently needed activities to develop, deploy, and routinely use CPRs to achieve improved outcomes in healthcare quality, cost and access
  • A unique organization representing all stakeholders in healthcare focusing on clinical applications of information technology
  • Among the first nationally based organizations to initiate and coordinate activities to facilitate and promote the routine use of Computer-Based Patient Records (CPRs) throughout healthcare
• CPR - Project Evaluation Criteria 1993


  Formed the basis of a self-assessment that could be used by organizations and outside reviewers to measure and evaluate the accomplishments of CPR projects
• The Four (4) Criteria

  • Management - the organizational aspects of EHR implementation
  • Functionality - delivered by the EHR to meet the organizational objectives and the needs of patients and end-users
  • Technology - technical design and architecture that enable the EHR to deliver the required functionality and performance
  • Impact → Value - concrete return on investment as well as intrinsic value derived from the implementation of the EHR