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• Community needs assessment


  A process in which the problems, issues, and concerns of the community are identified by using several tools. Needs assessment, social analysis, or community diagnosis is a concrete basis for the formulation of programs.
• Community needs assessment


  • It is both a process and a method. As a process, it can build leadership, group unity, and a sense of local involvement in the community. As a method this is a tool that helps a community plan for the implementation strategies.
• Steps in conducting a community needs assessment

  1. Establish a working committee to solicit community involvement and develop plan of action

  2. List important aspects or areas that need to be analyzed

  3. Identify the population to be surveyed

  4. Determine the information needed

  5. Select a random sample of people to survey

  6. Develop and pre-test a questionnaire

  7. Collate the information gathered

  8. Analyze the data

  9. Go back to the community to validate the results or findings

  10. Finalize the report
• Data gathering methods for community needs assessment

  • Focus group discussion (FGD) by key informants
  • Community forum
  • Public records (Secondary data analysis)
  • Survey
• Needs assessment survey


  A survey conducted to identify community needs which are necessary for subsequent actions. It contains a set of questions to be answered by people in the community through personal or telephone interview, online or face-to-face surveys, or email or written correspondences.
• Data gathered in a needs assessment survey

  • Historical data
  • Geographical data
  • Political and legal data
  • Demographics (e.g., age, size, race, growth patterns, and population distribution)
  • Economic data (e.g., the nature of the economic base in relation to the social, cultural, educational, moral, and cultural superstructure)
• Self-awareness


  An awareness of one's own personality or individuality
• Types of self-awareness


  • Public self-awareness
  • Private self-awareness
• Nosce te ipsum is Latin for "Know Thyself"
• Self is oneself/himself/herself/myself, belonging to oneself, a person in prime condition, the entire person as an individual
• Awareness is having or showing realization, perception or knowledge
• Be your own best friend and believe in yourself, so that you can become the person you want to be
• You are you and you are what you think. You are unique in your own way. Only you can control your destiny
• Being aware of and remaining constantly on guard against the Filipino tendency towards negativism, you can eventually propel yourself into positivism
• Use your "lakas at tibay ng loob" (courage and strength) to move away from the fatalistic "gulong ng palad" (wheel of fortune) and "bahala na" (come what may) attitude
• Begin by getting involved with your own life. Makialam ka sa buhay mo! Cooperate, makisama ka, by first initiating a change in yourself
• Begin without expecting instant miracles. You have got only one real friend and one worst enemy and that is your self
• Believe in your abilities and work unyieldingly to reach your objective
• Filipino worship is directed towards God as father-figure who takes care of all- "Bahala na ang Diyos" signifying that divine providence is responsible for our destinies. Thus, whenever a problems confront us, we tend to turn against God and blame Him for all the misfortunes
• Your self-help concept


  • Believe in yourself
  • Keep your priorities straight
  • Take responsibility for yourself
  • Create your own future
  • Focus on what you want
  • Learn to visualize the outcome of your goals
  • Never let anyone control your destiny for you
  • Be creative
  • Think big
  • Control stress
  • Be aggressive and assertive
  • Think positively
  • Chart your own course
  • Set specific goals and review them often
  • Spend some time each day improving your mind
  • Review your results and adjust as necessary
  • Be tolerant
  • Do everything with love
  • Don't hate
  • Have courage
  • Recognize that most of what we believe about life is an illusion
  • Be honest
  • Work hard
  • Believe money is good and it will come to you
• Levels of self-talk


  • I can't... level
  • I need to... / I should... level
  • I never... / I no longer... level
  • I am... level
  • It is... level
• Self-talk is a way to override our past negative programming by erasing or replacing it with conscious, positive, new directions. It is a practical way to live our lives by active intent rather than by passive acceptance
• Self-talk gives each of us a way to change what we would like to change, even if we have not been able to do so in the past
• The five steps that control our success or failure are: Programming, Beliefs, Attitude, Feelings, Behavior
• The Johari Window


  • Open Area
  • Blind Area
  • Hidden Area
  • Unknown Area
• 6 ways to improve self-awareness

  • Ask for feedback
  • Recognise your strengths & weaknesses
  • Self-reflect
  • Monitor your self-talk
  • Practice saying "no"
  • Question your decisions
• Five steps that control our success or failure

  • Behavior
  • Feelings
  • Attitude
  • Beliefs
  • Programming
• Johari Window


  A model used to help people better understand their relationship with themselves and others
• Four areas of the Johari Window

  • Open Area
  • Blind Area
  • Hidden Area
  • Unknown Area
• Six ways to improve self-awareness

  • Ask for feedback
  • Recognise your strengths & weaknesses
  • Self-reflect
  • Monitor your self-talk
  • Practice saying "No"
  • Question your decisions
• Leadership


  • The process of influencing others to behave in preferred ways to accomplish organizational objectives
• Leader


  An individual who is perceived by group members as having a legitimate position of power or influence in a group
• Leadership


  The process of influencing the group to help it reach its goal, including task dimension and social dimension
• Four factors of leadership

  • Leader
  • Followers
  • Communication
  • Situation
• Three functions of leadership

  • Providing vision
  • Achieving goals
  • Initiating camaraderie and smooth relationship
• Attributes of leadership


  • Be a professional
  • Know the four factors of leadership
  • Know yourself
  • Know your job
  • Know your organization
  • Implement
  • Provide direction
  • Motivate
• Leadership styles


  • Laissez-Faire
  • Autocratic
  • Participative
  • Transactional
  • Transformational
• Traits that a leader should possess

  • Adaptability
  • Considerate
  • Dedicated
  • Dignified Person
  • Faithful
  • Experienced
  • Initiative
  • Has Integrity
  • Fair
  • Kind
  • Knowledgeable
  • Persuasive
  • Resourceful
  • Selfless
  • Tact/Tactful
• Community


  A social organization that is characterized by a set of patterned human interactions based on shared expectations, values, beliefs, and meanings between and among its members
• Elements of a community

  • Demographics
  • History
  • Culture
  • Economic structure